課件是具有共同教學(xué)目標(biāo)的可在計(jì)算機(jī)上展現(xiàn)的文字、聲音、圖像、視頻等素材的集合。下面是關(guān)于人教版高一英語(yǔ)第一單元課件的內(nèi)容，歡迎閱讀！

Learning aims: 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：

　　Master the grammar of this unit. ------直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)Direct Speech & Indirect Speech

Teaching procedures: 學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程

一、 自主學(xué)習(xí)(self-study)

　　Step 1 了解學(xué)習(xí)背景

　　直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)是人教版高中必修1第一單元的語(yǔ)法，也是學(xué)生升入高中后需要掌握的第一個(gè)完整、系統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，它與高中重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一------賓語(yǔ)從句有著緊密聯(lián)系，因此學(xué)、學(xué)透這一語(yǔ)法對(duì)于高一新生來(lái)說(shuō)有著至關(guān)重要的作。學(xué)生在初中接觸過(guò)它，因此也是初、高中銜接的一個(gè)總要內(nèi)容。

　　Step 2. 什么是直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

　　我們轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話有兩種方式：

　　1. 引用別人的原話，被引用的部分叫直接引語(yǔ)，直接引語(yǔ)放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，不用連詞連接；

　　2. 用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(yǔ)，不用引號(hào)，但通常用連詞與主句連接。

　　這兩種引語(yǔ)都是賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　例如：Mr. Black said, “I am busy.” --------( ) 引語(yǔ)

　　Mr. Black said that he was busy. -------( ) 引語(yǔ)

二、合作探究（Co-exploration ）

　　學(xué)習(xí)小組共同探究以下內(nèi)容

　　直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的3種情況 （陳述句，疑問(wèn)句，祈使句）

　　溫馨提示：遇到直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們首先考慮是以下那種句式：陳述句，疑問(wèn)句，祈使句，然后根據(jù)相應(yīng)的規(guī)則來(lái)變，或套用相應(yīng)的句型。

　　1. 陳述句

　　直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后常用連詞that 引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略），主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直接用引語(yǔ)中的said, 也可用told來(lái)代替。可以說(shuō)sb. said that或 sb. said to sb. that,或sb. told sb. that，不可直接說(shuō)sb. told that

　　比如：

　　He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.”

　　→ He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.

　　→He said that he had been to the Great Wall.

　　→He told me that he had been to the Great Wall.

　　另外從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等也要做相應(yīng)的變化。這方面漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)有許多相似之處，因此在做直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)化練習(xí)時(shí)要注意句子的意思。

　　1） 人稱的變化

　　He said, “I like it very much .” -------He said that he liked it very much.

　　He said to me, “I’ve left your book in my room.”------He told me that he had left my book in his room.

　　（學(xué)生自我檢測(cè)： 你能找出哪些人稱發(fā)生了變化了嗎？）

　　2）時(shí)態(tài)的變化 (牢記下列規(guī)則)

　　時(shí)態(tài)的變化 例句（直接引語(yǔ)→間接引語(yǔ)）

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) → 一般過(guò)去時(shí) She said, “I need a pen.” → She said that she needed a pen.

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) → 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) He said, “I am expecting a call.” → He said that he was expecting a call.

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　Tom said, “Our team has won the game.” →Tom said that his team had won the game.

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)→ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　Mary said, “I took it home with me.” →Mary said that she had taken it home with her.

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí) He said, “I had finished my work before supper.” → He said that he had finished his work before supper.

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) Paul said, “I will call again later.” →Paul said that he would call again later.

　　拓展延伸：直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不變化的情況

　　1. 直接引語(yǔ)表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變

　　The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” →

　　The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

　　2. 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，在引述時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。

　　She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.” →She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

　　He will say, “The boy was lazy.” → He will tell you that the boy was lazy.

　　3. 直接引語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，并且和具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，時(shí)態(tài)不變。

　　She said, “I was born in 1983.” → She said that she was born in 1983.

　　（學(xué)生自我檢測(cè)： 你發(fā)現(xiàn)上述時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)生了變化了嗎？試試你記住這些規(guī)定了嗎？）

　　1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) →（ ） 2 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) → （ ）

　　3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→ （ ） 4 一般過(guò)去時(shí)→ （ ）

　　5 過(guò)去完成時(shí)→ （ ） 6 一般將來(lái)時(shí)→ （ ）

　　3）指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等的.變化

　　（學(xué)生自我檢測(cè)：根據(jù)現(xiàn)有知識(shí)積累，你能填出下列直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)詞的變化嗎？試試看！）

　　指示代詞： 1 this → 2 these →

　　時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： 3 now → 4 ago → 5 four years ago →

　　6 today → 7 tomorrow → 8 yesterday →

　　9 this week → 10 last week → 11 next month →

　　12 the day after tomorrow →

　　13 the day before yesterday →

　　地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)： 14 here →

　　趨向性動(dòng)詞的變化：15 come → 16 bring →

　　2. 疑問(wèn)句 （一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句）

　　一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛蒳f /whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其他方面變化同陳述句的變化，

　　即句型：sb. asked (sb.) if/ whether +陳述句

　　特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡?wèn)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其他方面變化同陳述句的變化，

　　即句型：sb. asked (sb.) what/when/who +陳述句

　　選擇疑問(wèn)句 變成whether…or句型來(lái)表達(dá)，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…

　　例如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” →He asked me whether I spoke English or French.

　　I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” → I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

　　He said, “Are you interested in English?” →He asked whether I was interested in English.

　　He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”

　　→He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

　　3. 祈使句

　　轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原型變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式，并在不定時(shí)to 前根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等動(dòng)詞，形成3 種句型

　　（1） 表示邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求某人做某事時(shí)用ask sb. to do sth.

　　(2) 表示叫、吩咐某人做某事時(shí)用tell sb. to do sth

　　(3) 表示命令某人做某事時(shí)用order sb. to do sth .

　　表示否定時(shí)，在不定式前加not，構(gòu)成句型ask sb. not to do sth., tell sb. not to do sth, order sb. not to do sth

　　例如： The old man said, “Don’t smoke in the hall.” → The old man told us not to smoke in the hall.

　　The officer said, “Go away.” → The officer ordered us to go away.

　　She said to us, “Please have a seat,” → she asked us to have a seat.

　　注意： 1. 當(dāng)祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，因?yàn)槠硎咕浔硎菊?qǐng)求、命令等語(yǔ)氣，所以不存在時(shí)態(tài)的變化，但是人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等還要做相應(yīng)的變化。

　　2. 祈使句中的please 在間接引語(yǔ)中必須省去，用句型ask sb. to do sth.

　　拓展： 1. 如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示“建議”的祈使句或疑問(wèn)句，通常變?yōu)閟uggested that sb. should do sth或suggested doing sth

　　例如：He said, “ Let’s go to the park.” → He suggested (our) going to the park.

　　→ He suggested that we should go to the park.

　　2. 直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)可以用what或 how引導(dǎo)，也可以用 that引導(dǎo)

　　She said, “What a lovely day it is !” → She said what a lovely day it was!

　　→ She said that it was a lovely day.