2015中考書面表達(dá)寫作指導(dǎo)：there be 句型
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中陳述事物客觀存的常用句型，表示“有”，其確切含義是“存在”there 作為引導(dǎo)詞，本身沒有意義，用動(dòng)詞be的某些形式作為謂語動(dòng)詞，它的主語是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名詞詞組，動(dòng)詞be和 主語的數(shù)必須一致。句子最后通常為表示地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的狀語。因此要表達(dá)“某個(gè)地方或某個(gè)時(shí)間存在什么事物或人”的時(shí)候常用“There be + 名詞+ 地點(diǎn)(時(shí)間)這一句型。例如：
There is a great Italian deli across the street.
穿過街道，有一家大的意大利熟食店。
There are some students in the dormitory.
在宿舍里有一些學(xué)生。
一、“There be”后面可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞
在“There be +主語+狀語"的句型中, 作主語的名詞一般是非限定的,常是泛指而不是特指, 故一般不用this, that, these, those 等詞修飾, 修飾主語的一般應(yīng)該是不定冠詞、零冠詞、基數(shù)詞或a, an, some, any, no, several, many, much, a few, a little, another, a lot of, enough等非特指的詞匯。請看下面例句:
There is a shop at the corner.
在拐角處有家商店。
There are two books on the desk.
課桌上有兩本書。
There are many sheep bleating in the field.
田里有許多綿羊在叫。
二、我們也可以根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要, 在There與be之間用上恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must, should, will等，構(gòu)成: There will /may/must/can, etc. be...:
There will be an interesting talk on English next week.
下個(gè)星期有個(gè)關(guān)于英語方面的有趣報(bào)告。
My watch doesn’t work, there may be something wrong with it.
我的手表不走了，可能出了故障。
三、“There be” 句型還有擴(kuò)展形式
在There be 句型中, 除be之外, 某些表示存在概念的不及物動(dòng)詞也可以用于這種句型, 這些動(dòng)詞大致是: live, come, stand, lie等。請看：
Once there lived an old fisherman near the sea.
海邊曾經(jīng)住著一位老漁夫。
There stands a big tall apple tree in front of my house.
我家屋前有一棵高大的.蘋果樹。
Then there came a knock at the door.
那時(shí)傳來了敲門聲。
四、使用“There be”句型時(shí)要注意主謂一致
在There be引導(dǎo)的句子中, 謂語動(dòng)詞be的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)該和它后面的主語(名詞)保持一致, 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作并列主語時(shí), be的形式則和第一個(gè)名詞保持一致(就近原則)。如:
There is a small river near the village.
村子附近有條小河。
There are two thousand students in our school.
我們學(xué)校有2000名學(xué)生。
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
課桌上有一枝鋼筆。
五、There be句型與have的區(qū)別:
二者都表示漢語中的“有”。但是在用法上有區(qū)別: There be 句型表示“某處(某時(shí))有某物”; 而have則表示“某人或某物擁有某物”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語和賓語的所屬關(guān)系。如:
There are quite a few pine trees on the campus.
校園里有許多松樹。
Each supergirl has her merits and faults.
每個(gè)超級女生都有他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。
We have ten copies, but we shall need more.
我們有10冊,但是我們還需要更多。
六、There be 句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
一般地說, There be 句型的基本轉(zhuǎn)換還是比較容易掌握的, 關(guān)鍵要注意句型中名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式, 請看下面的例句:
Are there any boats on the lake? (一般疑問句)
There are not any students in the classroom. (否定句)
——What's in the bag? (對主語提問的特殊疑問句)
——There are many oranges in it.
七、There be 句型的時(shí)態(tài):
There be 句型沒有語態(tài)形式, 但是卻有比較復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài)形式, 以及可以表達(dá)不同的情態(tài)語境,請看下面的例句:
There will be a class meeting this afternoon. (一般將來時(shí))
今天下午有班會(huì)。
There was a football match in our school yesterday. (一般過去時(shí))
昨天我們學(xué)校有一場足球賽。
There have been great changes in China in the past twenty years. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
在過去20年里中國發(fā)生了巨大變化。
There are going to be two English parties next week. (一般將來時(shí))
下周有兩場英語晚會(huì)。
There must be something wrong with the computer. ( must + be)
這臺計(jì)算機(jī)一定出問題了。
八、即時(shí)練習(xí)
用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. There was a tractor _____ (work) and some cows _____ (eat) grass on the farm.
2. Look! There _______ (come) the No.7 bus.
3. There _______ (be) sheep and goats on the hill yesterday morning.
4. There must _______ (be) somebody in the corner because there was something _____ (move) quickly.
5. There _______ (be) a writer and singer in our school last week.
6. There _______ (be) a writer and two singers in our school last week.
7. _______ there _______ (be) an exciting concert in town tomorrow?
8. There ________ (be) a lot of changes in my hometown in the last two years.
9. Once there _______ (live) some hard-working people in the forest.
10. ______ there ________ (stand) a statue (塑像) by the sea?
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