環(huán)境專業(yè)英語課文翻譯
有關(guān)環(huán)境的科技文獻翻譯逐漸增多，這對大量了解國外前沿的環(huán)境問題、對該學科在國內(nèi)的發(fā)展也起著至關(guān)重要的作用。所以，作為環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的科技工作者，必須了解環(huán)境學科專業(yè)英語的翻譯方法技巧以及常用的詞匯。以下是小編整理的環(huán)境專業(yè)英語課文翻譯，歡迎閱讀。
【課文】
What is the book about?
The goal of the book is to enable engineering and science students to understand the environmental issues of interdisciplinary research: their causes, why they are concerned, and how we control them. This book includes:
What does it mean to describe the environment and the environment
Information on the underlying causes of environmental destruction
Understand the nature of environmental problems and the basic scientific knowledge that can be quantified
Current use of environmental control technologies in water, air and pollution
There is a considerable gap in many scientific knowledge about understanding and controlling the complex interactions between human activities and nature
Many environmental problems can use current technology to eliminate or reduce, but because lack of willingness to do so or in many cases because of the lack of resources to do so, these environmental problems are not processing
Some important definitions:
In this book, they are used for the first time, and definitions are displayed in either capital or black
The environment is the habitat of material life around us, and here we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste
System according to Webster's dictionary, is defined as "a group or series of can form a unit or organic whole interrelated things", for example, the solar system, irrigation system, supply system, the world and the universe.
Pollution is defined as "in the atmosphere, water or land in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of undesirable change, this change harmful to affect the health of humans or other organisms, survival, or activities".
When the goal of improving environmental quality is used to improve human welfare, the word "environment" expands to include all social, economic and cultural content. This expansion is unfeasible in many real situations and is impractical in a textbook designed for a semester course. Our investigation of environmental problems is therefore limited to our definition of "environment".
The interaction of the system
Many different environmental problems are linked to water, air or land systems. Many of these problems apply only to one of these systems, providing sufficient justification for the breakdown of these categories. Such classification is also more useful and easy to understand the related problems in a system. Moreover, it is wise to do so, this is because as a result of the management and administrative reasons, these related to air pollution, water supply, wastewater treatment and solid waste treatment subdomains are usually handled by government agencies, respectively.
Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not limited to air, water or land systems, but also intersystem interactions. For example, the acid rain problem arises from the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from power plant chimneys, smelters and car exhausts. Then the gas is transported by air to the vast area, and the rain "washes them away", producing acid rain that is harmful to aquatic life, forests and crops. Two environmental problems related to interaction between systems: the increasing global problem of carbon dioxide in the air, and the problem of endemic acid rain.
Environmental problems
Many of the major improvements to our standard of living can be attributed to the use of science and technology. Here are some examples. Can you come up with other examples?
Produce more and better quality food
Creating protection and living space to avoid extreme environments
Rapid and reliable transport methods
The invention of various communication systems
The invention of machines for human and animal physical strength
Safe water supply and waste disposal
The elimination of many infectious diseases
The elimination of most water-borne diseases by using improved water technology in developed countries
Provide opportunities for cultural and recreational activities through the effectiveness of better productivity (brought by) leisure time.
Avoid the worst effects of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
However, these improvements have resulted in adverse adverse effects, such as loss of arable land, lost forests, environmental pollution and new organisms that are resistant to control. Many of the little things that were initially thought to be harmful are now considered to be a potential threat to nature and humans. In agricultural society, people basically live in harmony with nature, grow food, collect wood, and make clothes and tools that come from the land. Waste from animals and humans has been returned to earth as fertilizer. There are few problems with water, land or air pollution.
Ancient cities, especially cities like the Roman empire, had systems for water supply and disposal of waste. Ancient Roman cities (approximately one million people) were supplied by the ditches in the ancient Roman drains. This is one of the most famous and early examples of sewers built in these systems. Urban technology in ancient cities seemed to have been forgotten for centuries by europeans who built cities. Water supply and waste treatment are neglected, resulting in many outbreaks of diarrhea, cholera, typhoid and other water-borne diseases. Until the middle of the 19th century, people realize the carrying pathogenic organism pollution wastewater error handling, since the 19th century in Britain, Europe and North America since the industrial revolution, grows increasingly fuelled by urbanization and industrialization of the environment. Both urbanization and industrialization were the basic causes of water and air pollution that could not be processed at that time.
In the following decades, the rapid development of water quality and some wastewater treatment technologies in developed countries resulted in a sharp reduction in water pollution incidents. Note that all wastes are discharged into the environment, thereby contaminating our water, air and land systems.
【翻譯】
這本書主要關(guān)于什么？
這本書的目標是使工程和科學的學生了解學科間的研究環(huán)境問題：它們的起因，為什么它們被關(guān)注，我們怎么控制它們。這本書包括：
描述環(huán)境和環(huán)境系統(tǒng)意味著什么
關(guān)于環(huán)境破壞基礎原因的信息
理解環(huán)境問題本質(zhì)和能夠定量計算它們所必要的基本科學知識
目前運用在水, 空氣, 污染問題的環(huán)境控制技術(shù)的狀況
我們目前在很多關(guān)于理解和控制人類活動、自然之間復雜相互作用的科學知識上存在著相當大的空白
很多環(huán)境問題能運用目前的技術(shù)消除或減少，但因為社會缺少意愿這么做或在很多例子中因為缺乏資源去這樣做，這些環(huán)境問題沒有被處理
一些重要的定義：
在這本書中，它們第一次被使用，定義被以大寫或印刷成黑體字的形式展示
環(huán)境是圍繞在我們周圍的物質(zhì)生命的棲息地，在這兒我們能看到, 聽到, 觸摸, 聞到, 和品嘗到
系統(tǒng)依據(jù)韋氏字典, 被定義為“一組或一系列能形成一個整體或者有機整體的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的事物”，例如，太陽系統(tǒng)，灌溉系統(tǒng)，供應系統(tǒng)，世界和宇宙。
污染被定義為“在大氣，水或土地中的物質(zhì)的，化學的或生物的特性的不合意的改變，這一改變有害地影響人類或其它生物的健康，生存，或活動”。
當改進環(huán)境質(zhì)量的目標被用來改進人類福利，“環(huán)境”一詞擴展成包括所有的社會，經(jīng)濟和文化方面的內(nèi)容。這一擴展在許多真實情況下是不可行的以及在一本被設計為一學期課程的教科書中也是不實際的。我們對環(huán)境問題的考察因此限于我們對“環(huán)境”的定義。
系統(tǒng)的相互作用
許多不同的環(huán)境問題都與水，空氣或土地系統(tǒng)有關(guān)聯(lián)。許多這些問題都只適用于這些系統(tǒng)中的一個，這為這些種類中的細目分類提供了充分的理由。這樣的分類也更有用于及易于理解一個系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的相關(guān)問題。而且，這樣做是明智的，這是因為由于管理上的和行政上的原因，這些有關(guān)空氣污染，水供應，廢水處理和固體廢物處理的子域通常由政府機構(gòu)分別處理。
很遺憾的是，很多重要的環(huán)境問題不僅僅限制于空氣，水或土地系統(tǒng)，還包括系統(tǒng)間的相互作用。現(xiàn)在舉個例子，酸雨問題起源于從發(fā)電站煙囪，冶煉廠和汽車尾氣中向大氣排放的含硫二氧化物和氮氧化物。接著這些氣體由氣流運輸?shù)綇V闊的區(qū)域，降雨“將它們洗去”，產(chǎn)生了有害于水生生命，森林和農(nóng)作物的酸雨。兩個有關(guān)于系統(tǒng)間相互作用引起的環(huán)境問題有：空氣中的二氧化碳的增加的全球問題，及通常具有地域性質(zhì)的酸雨問題。
環(huán)境問題
許多對我們生活標準的主要改進能被歸因于科學和技術(shù)的運用。這里舉一些例子，你能想出其它例子嗎？
生產(chǎn)更多及更好質(zhì)量的食物
創(chuàng)造能避免極端環(huán)境的保護所和生存空間
快速和可靠的運輸方法的建立
各種交流系統(tǒng)的發(fā)明
代替人類和動物體力的`機器的發(fā)明
安全水的供應和廢物處理
對很多傳染疾病的消除
通過在發(fā)達國家運用改進的水技術(shù)對大部分水傳染的疾病的消除
通過更好的生產(chǎn)力（帶來的）閑余時間的有效性，為文化的，娛樂的活動提供機會。
避免例如洪水，干旱，地震，火山爆發(fā)的自然災害的最壞影響
然而，通過這些改進，已經(jīng)帶來了不良的負面影響，例如耕地的喪失，消失的森林，環(huán)境的污染和抵抗控制的新生物。很多影響起初被認為只是有害的小事現(xiàn)在被認為是對自然和人類的潛在威脅。在農(nóng)業(yè)社會，人們基本上與自然和諧相處，栽培食物，收集木材，制造來源于土地的衣服和工具。來源于動物和人類的廢物被歸還于土地作為肥料。很少有水、土地或者空氣污染問題的發(fā)生。
古代城市，特別是像羅馬帝國的城市，有供水和處置廢物的系統(tǒng)。古羅馬的大排泄溝中的溝渠供應古代羅馬城市（大約有1百萬人）安全水，這是最有名及在這些系統(tǒng)中最早建造的下水道的例子之一。古代城市的城市技術(shù)似乎已經(jīng)被那些建造城市的歐洲人遺忘了很多個世紀。水供應和廢物處理被忽略，導致了很多痢疾，霍亂，傷寒和其它水傳染疾病的爆發(fā)。直到19世紀中期，（人們）才認識到對 攜帶著致病生物的 污染廢水的錯誤處理，自從19世紀發(fā)生于英國、歐洲和北美的工業(yè)革命以來，日益俱增的城市化和工業(yè)化加劇了環(huán)境問題。城市化及工業(yè)化這兩個現(xiàn)象，都是當時不能處理的水及空氣污染的基本原因。
在接著的幾十年，發(fā)生于發(fā)達國家中水質(zhì)及部分廢水的治理技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，導致了水污染疾病事件的急劇減少。注意所有廢物被排放進環(huán)境，因而污染了我們的水，空氣和土地系統(tǒng)。
【環(huán)境專業(yè)英語課文翻譯】相關(guān)文章：
5.《馬說》課文翻譯
7.南園課文翻譯
本文來源：http://www.nvnqwx.com/wenxue/qita/2770127.htm