初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法共有16種時(shí)態(tài),那么同學(xué)們是否學(xué)習(xí)了呢?
一、一般時(shí)態(tài)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示沒(méi)有時(shí)限的持久存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和副詞usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等連用。例如:
1)The moon moves round the earth..
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的動(dòng)詞,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這類動(dòng)詞有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例如:
1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引導(dǎo)的從句中,也常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)
(1)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與表示確切過(guò)去時(shí)間的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句連用。例如:
We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例如:
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注意與be used to doing短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別)
3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1)表示將來(lái)打算進(jìn)行或期待發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:
I shall graduate next year.
2)幾種替代形式:
1)be going to +v在口語(yǔ)中廣泛使用,表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如:
I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事,具有“必要”的強(qiáng)制性意義。例如:
I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如:
He was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示預(yù)先確定了的事,必定發(fā)生的事。例如:
The train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例如:
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home
二、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:
Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如:
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排在最近要進(jìn)行的事情。具有這種語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞僅限于過(guò)渡性動(dòng)詞。即表示從一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置上去的動(dòng)詞。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)有些動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí),這是一類表示“感覺(jué),感情,存在,從屬”等的動(dòng)詞。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺(jué)的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動(dòng)詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有與從屬的動(dòng)詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動(dòng)詞)。但是如果它們?cè)~義改變,便也可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如:
1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?
(look在此為聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞,意為“顯得,看上去”)
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(look在此為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“尋找”)
2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后,另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,或表示過(guò)去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。例如:
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常用來(lái)表示禮貌的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求等。例如:
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
4.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
(現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái))完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是(現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái))完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,將放在完成時(shí)態(tài)部分講述。
三、完成時(shí)態(tài)
完成時(shí)態(tài)通常表示已完成或從事的動(dòng)作。它可分為:
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示對(duì)目前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛完成的動(dòng)作(常與yet,already,just連用),或者過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況(常與for,since連用)。例如:
1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:since, for, during, over等引導(dǎo)出的短語(yǔ);副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;狀語(yǔ)詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:
1)I haven’t been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)完成時(shí)態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中:
This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語(yǔ)從句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語(yǔ)從句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級(jí)+ n +定語(yǔ)從句。如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
本文來(lái)源:http://www.nvnqwx.com/shiyongwen/zongjie/2204110.htm