篇一:歷年河北中考英語試題及考點分析總結
名詞時表示人、事物、地點、或抽象概念的名稱的詞,它是中考考察的高頻詞匯之一,通常占考試題的百分之時左右??疾烀~的題型有很多,有單項填空、完成句子、句型轉換、用所給的單詞的適當形式填空等。中考試題對名詞的考察涉及名詞數的變化,特別是名詞復數的不規則變化;對可數名詞和不可數名詞的區分,專有名詞的做法以及近義詞辨析等。詞意理解、不可數名詞的數量表示法、名詞所有格、名詞作定語也是考察的熱點。 一、名詞的分類
?。?)可數名詞有單、復數兩種形式,而不可數名詞只有單數形式。
pen→pens鋼筆 bread面包
?。?)不定冠詞、基數詞可直接修飾可數名詞,表示數量;而不可數名詞在表示數量時則用“不定冠詞/基數詞+單位名詞+of+不可數名詞”。
an apple ,two pictures, a piece of bread , four glasses of water (3) 可數名詞復數前可用many , few, a few ,several 等修飾;不可數名詞前可用much ,little ,a little 等修飾。Some和any 既可以修飾可數名詞,也可以修飾不可數名詞。
三、名詞的復數形式 (1)可數名詞的規則變化 1)一般加s
2)s; sh; ch; x 結尾加 es 讀 [iz] 3) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 結尾加 s
eg. box [b ks blous
4)f (fe) 結尾則變f(fe)為v加es---讀[vz] eg. kniv]
5) ―輔+y‖結尾變y為i加es 清就清[s] 濁就濁[z]
eg. book[buk pen[pen] babi] (2)可數名詞的不規則變化
man—men ; woman—women ;child—children policeman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen
foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice 但注意以下幾點:
?、?potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes
② 單復同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese
?、?由man , woman在詞首構成的復合名詞應將兩部分都變成復數 man doctor — men doctors ④ reef—reefs
?、?“某國人”的復數:中日不變英法變,其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans
?、?people , police 常用單數形式表示復數概念 The police are looking for the missing boy. 3、名詞所有格:名詞’s (意思是 ―??的‖) A.有生命的名詞所有格,一般在后加“’s”但注意: 1)表兩者共有則在后者加“’s”
Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父親
Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父親和莉莉的父親. 2)以s結尾的詞只加“ ’ ”
eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father 3)無生命的名詞所有格用of來引導 eg. the leg the desk
4)雙重所有格:a friend of my father’s
a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )
1. ( 2007 河北 29)__room is big and bright. They like it very much. A. Tom and Sam B. Tom's and Sam C. Tom and Sam's D. Tom's and Sam's
2. ( 2006 河北 27)-Would you like some drinks ,boys? --Yes,_________, please.
A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange
3. ( 2005 河北 36)"It's over ________from Shijiazhuang to Beijing. A. three hours' drive B. three hour's drive C. three hours' drives D. three hours drive
4. (2004 河北 37 ) This is _______ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane's C. Anne's and Jane D. Anne and Jane's
5. (2003 河北) The doctor worked for __after twelve o'clock. A. two more hours B. two another hour C. more two hours D. another two hour
6.(2008河北 24). Can you imagine what life will be like in ____ time? A. 20 years’ B. 20 year’s C. 20-years’ D. 20-years
A. Class Third B. Class three C. third Class D. Class Three C. IA Ming, babies D. Li Ming's, babies'
7.(2010 河北 28)I don’t think looking after children is just ____work. A woman B woman’s C women D women’s
8. (2011 河北 30 ) 30. Cici enjoys dancing. It’s one of herA. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies
9 (2009 河北83) Computer is one of the greatest ___________________ (發明). I can’t imagine life without it.
10 (2011 河北 82)(science) to give them a speech on space. 11 (2010 河北 82)We need eleven _______(play) for our soccer team.
專題二代詞
代詞是代替名詞的詞,種類多,用途廣,中考試題中出現的頻率很高,涉及各個題型,約占中考試題的10%左右,出現較多的不定代詞的用法及代詞作主語時和謂語動詞一致的用法、人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法區別、形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的用法區別等。 (一)指示代詞:this , that , these , those. this , that一般與可數名詞的單數連用,而不與不可數名詞連用(但that可單獨指代不可數名詞)。 that apple ( √ ) that meat ( × )
The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as ______ in Guangzhou. [that]
①this(復數形式是these),是指時間或空間上離說話的人較近的人或物。That(復數形式是those),是指時間或空間上離說話的人較遠的人或物。 ②that/those 有時用來代替前面說過的名詞,以避免重復。 (二)人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞
① 主格人稱在句子中的用法 I like music. ② 賓格人稱代詞在句子中作動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。 We often go to see her on Saturdays.
?、?人稱代詞作表語時一般用賓格,但在比較正式的場合用主格。 ---Who is it?
---It’s me.(非正式)
一變(my—mine); 二留(his—his its—its)
三加s(your—yours ; our—ours ; her—hers ; their—theirs) 物主代詞的用法:
(1) 形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的特征,在句子中作定語,后面接名詞。 (2) 名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征,在句子中可以做主語、表語或賓語。 eg. This is _____(我的)book. This book is ______(我的). [ my ; mine]
反身代詞的用法:
(1) 做及物動詞或介詞的賓語 Did they enjoy themselves last Sunday? (2)作主語或賓語的同位語
在做同位語時,反身代詞可多翻譯為“本人”或“本身”。但有時為了加強語氣,常譯為“自己”或“親自”。起強調作用時,反身代詞可以放在被強調詞之后,也可以放在句末。 He learned by himself.
?。?)反身代詞的常見搭配:
enjoy oneself 玩得高興;過得愉快 hurt oneself 傷著自己
teach oneself = learn… by oneself 自學 (all) by oneself (完全)獨立地 help oneself to 請自便;隨便吃? look after oneself 自理;照顧自己 leave one by oneself 把?單獨留下 lose oneself in 陶醉于?;沉浸于? (五)不定代詞
不明確指代個人或事物、某些人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞主要有all ,each ,every ,both ,neither ,one ,little ,few ,many ,much ,other ,another ,some ,any ,no ,還有由some ,any ,no 和 every構成的復合代詞。
不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語等。 1)some與any
一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑問句(但表邀請、建議的問句中可用some—此類句型常以could , would開頭) 2)
many + 可數 = a lot of : 許多
much + 不可數
(但a lot of不能用于否定句) 3) few , a few ; little , a little
①.The story is easy to read. There are ____new words in it. [few] ②.Hurry up! There is_____ time left. [little] 4) everyone / anyone 不加of ( )____ of us wants to read the book. [B] A. Everyone B. Every one C. Nobody D. No one ①.We study _____ subjects besides Chinese. ②.May I have ___________ apple ?
?、?These cups are clean. ________ are dirty.
④.I have two pens. One is red , ________ is blue. [ other ; another ; others ; the others] one another (三者以上的)相互 each other (兩者的)相互
We should learn from each other(說明we指兩個人) They help one another (說明they指三個人以上)
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