1-1 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,適用于有爭議性的主題.

　　例如(e.g)

　　[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of

　　people

　　say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

　　[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that .......

　　Others

　　argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some

　　truth

　　in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

　　[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely

　　believed/held/acknowledged

　　that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt

　　whether.....

1-2 現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然后評論 .

　　e.g

　　[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has

　　cause/

　　aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.

　　[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...

　　has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)

　　[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of

　　the

　　new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　----- To be continued !!

1-3 觀點法 ----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...

　　Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/

　　popular than...

　　[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/

　　coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the

　　necessity

　　to......

　　Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of

　　......

　　[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the

　　attitude/idea

　　that.......