商務(wù)合英譯中同容易混淆的詞語(yǔ)解釋
英譯商務(wù)合同時(shí),常常由于選同不當(dāng)而尋致詞不達(dá)意或者意思模棱兩可,有時(shí)甚至表達(dá)的是完全不同的含義。因此了解與掌握極易混淆的詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是極為重要的,是提高英譯質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因素之一,現(xiàn)把常用且易混淆的七對(duì)詞語(yǔ),用典型實(shí)例論述如下:
shipping advice 與 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是“裝運(yùn)通知”,是由出口商(賣(mài)主)發(fā)給進(jìn)口商(買(mǎi)主)的。 然而 shipping instructions 則是“裝運(yùn)須知”,是進(jìn)口商(買(mǎi)主)發(fā)給出口商(賣(mài)主)的。另外要注意區(qū)分 vendor(賣(mài)主)與 vendee(買(mǎi)主),consignor(發(fā)貨人)與 consignee(收貨人)。上述這三對(duì)詞語(yǔ)在英譯時(shí)、極易發(fā)生筆誤。
abide by 與 comply with
abide by 與 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思.但是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是“人”時(shí),英譯“遵守”須用 abide by。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是非人稱(chēng)時(shí),則用 comply with 。
例 3:雙方都應(yīng)遵守/雙方的一切活動(dòng)都應(yīng)遵守合同規(guī)定。
Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply
with the contractual stipulations.
change A to B 與 change A into B
英譯“把 A 改為 B”用change A to B,英譯“把 A 折合成/兌換成 B”用change A into B,兩者不可混淆。
例 4:交貨期改為 8 月并將美元折合成人民幣。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.
ex 與 per
源自拉丁語(yǔ)的介詞 ex 與 per 有各自不同的含義。英譯由某輪船“運(yùn)來(lái)”的貨物時(shí)用 ex,由某輪船“運(yùn)走”的貨物用 per,而由某輪船“承運(yùn)”用 by。
例 5:由“維多利亞”貨輪運(yùn)走/運(yùn)來(lái)/承運(yùn)的最后一批貨將于 10 月 1 日抵達(dá)倫敦。
The last batch per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October
(S.S. = Steamship)
in 與 after
當(dāng)英譯“多少天之后”的時(shí)間時(shí),往往是指“多少天之后”的確切的一天,所以必須用介詞 in,而不能用 after,因?yàn)榻樵~ after 指的是“多少天之后”的不確切的任何一天。
例 6:該貨于 11 月 10 日由“東風(fēng)”輪運(yùn)出,140 天后抵達(dá)鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due
to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel)
on/upon 與 after
當(dāng)英譯“……到后,就……”時(shí),用介詞 on/upon,而不用 after,因?yàn)?after 表示“之后”的時(shí)間不明確。
例 7:發(fā)票貨值須貨到支付。
The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.
by 與 before
當(dāng)英譯終止時(shí)間時(shí),比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所寫(xiě)日期時(shí),就用介詞 by;如果不包括所寫(xiě)日期,即指到所寫(xiě)日期的前一天為止,就要用介詞 before。
例 8:賣(mài)方須在 6 月 15 日前將貨交給買(mǎi)方。
The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before
June 16,說(shuō)明含 6 月 15 日在內(nèi)。如果不含 6 月 15 日,就譯為 by June 14 或者 before June 15。)
商務(wù)會(huì)話(huà):廣告宣傳活動(dòng)對(duì)話(huà)
In this conversation, Tanya Nichols, the owner of an ice cream manufacturing company, is talking with her marketing manager, Carla Hutchison, about the advertising campaign for the company's new ice-cream sandwich.
Tanya: Good morning, Carla. How are you today?
Carla: I'm doing fine. How about you?
Tanya: Great, thanks. So, what's the status of our advertising campaign?
Carla: As I mentioned before, it'll be a national campaign starting next month. We've decided to use a variety of media for full coverage. First, we'll have 30-second spots on television once a day for 3 weeks.At the same time, we'll do 15-second radio commercials 3 times a day in selected cities with large populations. Finally, we'll have some outdoor ads using billboards near main entrances to big cities.
Tanya: What style will the ads use?
Carla: We're focusing on slice of life, showing how you can beat the summer heat by biting into a cool ice-cream sandwich. There'll be some reason why thrown in to hype our choice of flavors and show everyone they're not stuck with just vanilla.
Tanya: Sounds like an ideal approach. Will we have a new slogan?
Carla: Definitely. The advertising agency's working onthat right now. They'll have some proposals ready by the end of the week.
Tanya: Sounds like we'll have a winner on our hands!
中文:
在這個(gè)對(duì)話(huà)中,Tanya Nichols是一家冰淇淋生產(chǎn)公司的老板,她正在和她的市場(chǎng)部經(jīng)理Carla Hutchison就公司新的冰淇淋三明治的廣告宣傳活動(dòng)談話(huà)。
Tanya: 早上好,Carla.你今天過(guò)得怎么樣?
Carla: 我很好,你呢?
Tanya: 很好,謝謝。我們公司的廣告宣傳作得怎么樣了?
Carla: 正如我以前所提到的',我們下個(gè)月開(kāi)始的宣傳活動(dòng),是全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的。我們已經(jīng)決定利用各種媒體做全面宣傳。首先,我們?cè)陔娨暽献龀掷m(xù)三個(gè)禮拜的廣告,每天一次,時(shí)間為30秒鐘傳。同時(shí),我們還會(huì)在被選中的人口較多的城市的電臺(tái)廣播中宣傳,每天三次,每次時(shí)間為15秒。最后,我們還會(huì)有一些戶(hù)外宣傳活動(dòng),在
大城市的主要入口處,樹(shù)立廣告牌。
Tanya: 那么采取什么樣的風(fēng)格呢?
Carla: 我們將把焦點(diǎn)放在日常生活方面,告訴你只要吃一個(gè)冰淇淋三明治,就能消除夏日炎熱。我們還會(huì)通過(guò)對(duì)多樣性口味選擇的宣傳,告訴大家推薦我們公司產(chǎn)品的原因,香草并不是惟一的口味。
Tanya: 似乎是個(gè)完美的方案。我們會(huì)有新的口號(hào)嗎?
Carla: 當(dāng)然,廣告代理商正在設(shè)計(jì)呢。這個(gè)周末會(huì)出臺(tái)一些新的策劃。
Tanya: 聽(tīng)起來(lái)我們將會(huì)成為一個(gè)大贏(yíng)家!
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