I 教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

　　本單元的中心話(huà)題是“天文學(xué)”。本單元的兩篇文章都采用了敘述性文體。第一篇閱讀短文按照時(shí)間順序主要敘述了地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展過(guò)程。第二篇閱讀短文中作者用第一人稱(chēng)的口吻講述了他和朋友的登月經(jīng)歷。可以說(shuō)本單元科學(xué)知識(shí)含量較高，更能激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和好奇心。

　　Warming Up 部分共有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,第一個(gè)問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出八大行星并看圖指出各個(gè)行星的名稱(chēng)；第二個(gè)問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出自己對(duì)天文學(xué)哪些方面感興趣以及天文學(xué)家所關(guān)注的方面。在高考的重壓之下，同學(xué)們都想能利用科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法做到事半功倍而且很多學(xué)生也一直做著將來(lái)能成為科學(xué)家的夢(mèng)。所以，該話(huà)題會(huì)讓學(xué)生們興趣盎然，積極思考和討論此方面的內(nèi)容，從而達(dá)到熱身的目的。

　　Pre-reading 部分也提出了三個(gè)問(wèn)題，主要是讓學(xué)生區(qū)分宗教信仰、文化傳統(tǒng)和科學(xué)思想之間的不同。可以以講故事的方式讓學(xué)生彼此之間分享一些有關(guān)宇宙和地球起源方面的傳說(shuō)或故事，這樣既能激活他們的思維也能為閱讀部分打下基礎(chǔ)。

　　Reading 部分描寫(xiě)了地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展過(guò)程，具體寫(xiě)了由于水的形成才使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能。科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命最初誕生于水中。數(shù)萬(wàn)年后，陸地上才長(zhǎng)出了綠色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動(dòng)物和水陸兩棲動(dòng)物。最初的動(dòng)物靠孵化繁衍后代， 再之后誕生了哺乳動(dòng)物，人類(lèi)也隨之誕生了。文章最后講述的現(xiàn)象發(fā)人深省：The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.它關(guān)系到地球上生命的未來(lái)。

　　Comprehending 部分通過(guò)五個(gè)練習(xí)題檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)本文核心內(nèi)容的理解。練習(xí)1是對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的分析以及大意的概括；練習(xí)2通過(guò)排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的行文線(xiàn)索，也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程；練習(xí)3提出5個(gè)小問(wèn)題，考查學(xué)生的深層理解和推斷能力；練習(xí)4讓學(xué)生找出文章中出現(xiàn)的連接詞，檢查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中句型的熟悉和理解程度，同時(shí)還有助于學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作方面得到提高；練習(xí)5讓學(xué)生選擇一個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行回答并向全班匯報(bào)，開(kāi)拓學(xué)生的思維并鍛煉他們的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。。

　　Learning about Language 有詞匯和語(yǔ)法兩部分。第一部分練習(xí)讓學(xué)生學(xué)著去應(yīng)用課文中出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)。第二部分是針對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)，其中第一題要求學(xué)生從課文中找出三個(gè)或更多的主語(yǔ)從句；第二個(gè)練習(xí)以把主語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)成簡(jiǎn)單句的形式讓學(xué)生能對(duì)此語(yǔ)法有深層的了解。第三個(gè)練習(xí)則以完成句子的方式要求學(xué)生更進(jìn)一步的運(yùn)用復(fù)合句，此部分是對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行練習(xí)。

　　Using Language包括“聽(tīng)力”、“閱讀”、“說(shuō)和寫(xiě)”三大塊。這三部分的話(huà)題都是有關(guān)科學(xué)的。聽(tīng)力部分主要是介紹三位偉大的科學(xué)家。閱讀部分講了一個(gè)科幻故事。說(shuō)和寫(xiě)的中心話(huà)題是登月旅行中必需的工具和可能遇到的問(wèn)題。該部分的設(shè)計(jì)由淺入深，層層遞進(jìn)，既練習(xí)了聽(tīng)力又豐富了知識(shí)，還能夠鍛煉同學(xué)們的想象力，拓展學(xué)生各方面能力。

　　Summing Up 指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納和總結(jié)在本單元學(xué)到的知識(shí)——有用詞匯、慣用表達(dá)和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

II．教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)

1． 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)

　　（1）本單元的生詞、短語(yǔ)和句型結(jié)構(gòu)；

　　（2）掌握主語(yǔ)從句并把它和表語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行區(qū)別；

　　（3）學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用科學(xué)知識(shí)并能結(jié)合自己的想象力去解決現(xiàn)實(shí)中的問(wèn)題。

2．教學(xué)難點(diǎn)

　　（1）通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)相應(yīng)的.科學(xué)知識(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維能力；

　　（2）學(xué)生應(yīng)能夠理解主語(yǔ)從句的用法和作用并能做到學(xué)以致用，舉一反三。

III．教學(xué)計(jì)劃

本單元建議分為六課時(shí)：

　　第一課時(shí)：Warming Up, Talking (Workbook) & Listening（Workbook）

　　第二課時(shí)：Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehension

　　第三課時(shí)：Learning about Language

　　第四課時(shí)：Using Language

　　第五課時(shí)：Reading task & Speaking task (Workbook)

　　第六課時(shí)：Listening task & Writing task (Workbook)

IV. 教學(xué)步驟：

Period 1

　　Warming Up, Listening（Workbook）& Talking (Workbook)

　　Teaching Goals:

　　1. To arouse Ss’ interest in the knowledge of astronomy and science。.

　　2. To develop Ss’ ability in listening and speaking.

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　Step 1. Leading- in

　　Give Ss a few minutes to say something about science by asking the following questions.

　　（1.）Who is the first man in space，do you know？

　　（2.）Which spaceship did Yang Liwei take to space？

　　（3.）Do you want to go to space if you are given a chance?

　　Step 2. Warming Up

　　Purpose: To introduce the topic of this unit to Ss in the form of asking questions and discussion.

　　Ask some Ss the questions first and then get Ss to discuss with each other. If time permits, have one or two groups present their answers to the whole class.

　　(1) How many subjects are we studying now?

　　（2）Do you have some scientific studying methods to learn them well?

　　(3) As you see, a large number of students want to become scientists in the future. But what kind of qualities and skills do we need to be real scientists?

　　Step 3. Talking (Workbook)

　　1. Divide Ss into six groups, and ask them to talk about the request of Talking on P62 and answer the following questions. Different students will give different answers. Make notes of some valuable information and make a conclusion at last.

　　(1) What necessary instructions should new space travelers make?

　　(2) Can you make a list of them?

　　2. Show Ss some beautiful pictures of the university and say, “Now look at the pictures. How beautiful the Universe is! It is also full of mysteries. Have you ever dreamed of flying to the space like Yang Liwei to unlock the mysteries of the universe? If you could, what things should you pay attention to?”

　　3. Encourage Ss to give as much information as possible. After the discussion, write down some key words and important expressions on the blackboard to help Ss to have the sense of traveling in space .

　　Conclusion:

　　Before making a trip into space, we’d better make full preparations, such as : collecting as much information about the space as possible; checking whether you have got the proper spacesuits or not; making sure of all the safety rules; not leaving the spaceship alone unless the space guide tells you to; paying attention to recording some important time during the space traveling and so on.

　　Step 3. Listening (Workbook)

　　Purpose: To develop Ss’ listening ability.

　　To gain some experience of traveling in space

　　1. Get Ss to look through the exercises before giving them the listening material. At the same time remind them of the new and key words: astronaut, experience, instruments, pilot, air force, rocket.

　　2. Ask Ss to look through the questions of the first part and listen to the tape carefully. Play the tape twice. For the first time, just ask Ss to listen for the gist. For the second time, ask Ss to prepare to do the exercises. If time permits, play again in order to give the class a chance to check or complete their exercises.