genghis khan, "khan of khans", was the great leader of mongolians. at the end of 12th century, he united mongolian tribes and challenged other powers to expand his huge mongolian empire, which extended from south china to the caspian sea.

　　in 1277, khan attacked the west xia kingdom (presently ningxia) and encountered strong resistance. he died of disease and age. the great emperor was later buried secretly according to mongolian custom. it says that after the burial 2,000 men were slaughtered by some 800 soldiers who were in turn executed so that the location of the real tomb remains a secret.

　　there are four sacrifice ceremonies held annually to commemorate the great hero and leader of the mongolian people. the ceremony, held on march 21st on lunar calendar, is the grandest. after the ceremony, horse racing, archery and wrestling are held as entertainment.