1、引用型

　　(1) A famous saying goes that... It means that.

　　(2) There is an old saying that... It’s the experience of our forefathers.

　　(3) The good proverb “…” reminds us that...

　　(4) One of the great early writers/scientists said/remarked that..;

　　(5) One of our ancient philosophers said... Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.

　　(6) “...” Such is the opinion of... This view has been shared by many people.

　　(7) “...” That’s how someone described...

　　(8) The English proverb says, “...” This is quite true because...

　　(9) As it is known to all,

　　(10) As we all know,

　　(11) As a saying goes,

　　(12) As sb. puts it,

　　(13) It is often said that,

　　(14) As the proverb says,

　　2、圖表說明型

　　(1) From the graph/chart, we know the statistics of... and... It can be easily seen that...

　　(2) The figure of the graph/table shows that...

　　(3) The first graph shows us.... At the same time, the other shows that...

　　(4) According to the two graphs presented, it can be observed that...

　　(5) According to the figure/number/statistics in the table/chart, it can be seen that...

　　(6) The figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that... There is a rapid development/trend of...

　　(7) As can be seen from/in the table/graph, there was a/an (very) slight/ sharp/rapid increase/decrease/reduction in...

　　(8) As (is) shown in Table 1/Figure 1, there was a gradual/sudden rise/decline in...

　　(9) A close study of the chart shows...

　　(10) From the two graphs it may be inferred that...

　　(11) As the figures indicate that...

　　3、說明現(xiàn)象、問題型