學(xué)英語(yǔ)會(huì)有一個(gè)定勢(shì)，那就是背很偏很難的單詞。但是了解那些“高級(jí)”單詞固然必 要，可任何一門語(yǔ)言中應(yīng)用最廣泛的還是那些簡(jiǎn)單的基礎(chǔ)詞匯。我們自己看中文的時(shí)候會(huì)很痛恨拐彎抹角不說(shuō)人話的作者，英文也一樣。老外自己不喜歡看故作艱深 的東西，所以我們?cè)趯懽鞯臅r(shí)候就放心大膽地使用簡(jiǎn)單詞匯吧，只要意思表達(dá)清楚、有條理、語(yǔ)法通暢就是好文章。
What is good writing?
什么樣的文章是好文章?
It depends on what country you’re from. We all know what’s considered “good writing” in our own country. We grow up immersedin the cadencesand sentence structure of the language we were born into, so we think, “That’s probably what every country considers good writing; they just use different words.” If only! I once asked a student from Cairo, “What kind of language is Arabic?” She said, “It’s all adjectives.”
這取決于你來(lái)自何處。我們都知道在自己的國(guó)家好文章是什么樣的。我們從小到大，已經(jīng)熟知我們 母語(yǔ)的抑揚(yáng)頓挫和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，于是我們認(rèn)為，其他國(guó)家所謂的好文章也應(yīng)該是這樣，只不過(guò)用的.語(yǔ)言不同。要是這樣就好了!我有次問(wèn)一個(gè)來(lái)自開(kāi)羅的學(xué)生：“阿拉 伯語(yǔ)是什么樣的語(yǔ)言?”她回答說(shuō)：“都是形容詞。”
Well, of course it’s not all adjectives, but I knew what she meant: it’s decorative, it’s ornate, it’s intentionally pleasing. But all those adjectives and all that decoration would be the ruin of any journalisttrying to write good English. No proverbs, please.
當(dāng)然，不可能都是形容詞，我知道她的意思：阿拉伯語(yǔ)是一種注重雕飾和閱讀快感的語(yǔ)言。但是太多形容詞和太多雕飾都不利于英文的新聞寫作。千萬(wàn)別使用那么多諺語(yǔ)。
Spanish also comes with a heavy load of beautiful baggagethat will smotherany journalist writing in English.
西班牙語(yǔ)也一樣，有太多 不利于英文寫作的修飾語(yǔ)。
English is not as musical as Spanish, or Italian, or French, or as ornamentalas Arabic, or as vibrantas some of your native languages. But I’m hopelessly in love with English because it’s plain and it’s strong. It has a huge vocabulary of words that have precise shades of meaning; there’s no subject, however technical or complex, that can’t be made clear to any reader in good English—if it’s used right. Unfortunately, there are many ways of using it wrong. Those are the damaging habits I want to warn you about today.
英語(yǔ)不像西班牙語(yǔ)、意大利 語(yǔ)或者法語(yǔ)那樣富有音律美，也不像阿拉伯語(yǔ)那樣華麗，可能也不像你們的母語(yǔ)那樣生動(dòng)鮮活，但我就是無(wú)可救藥地?zé)釔?ài)英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗綄?shí)有力，擁有海量意義鮮明 的詞匯。描述一樣事物，不管多高科技多復(fù)雜，在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)中讀者都看懂——如果描述準(zhǔn)確。不幸的是很多人都不能正確使用英語(yǔ)。以下就是我希望大家避免的一些錯(cuò)誤習(xí)慣。
First, a little history. The English language is derived from two main sources. One is Latin, the other is Anglo-Saxon. The words derived from Latin are the enemy—they will strangleand suffocate everything you write. The Anglo-Saxon words will set you free.
首先，了解英語(yǔ)的歷史。 英語(yǔ)來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)和安格魯-撒克遜語(yǔ)。來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)的單詞是我們的宿敵——它們會(huì)使你的寫作佶屈聱牙。安格魯-撒克遜語(yǔ)才能解開(kāi)你的束縛。
How do those Latin words do their strangling and suffocating? In general they are long, pompousnouns that end in -ion—like implementation and maximization and communication (five syllableslong!)—or that end in -ent—like development and fulfillment. Those nouns express a vague concept or an abstract idea, not a specific action that we can picture. Here’s a typical sentence: “Priorto the implementation of the financial enhancement.” That means “Before we fixed our money problems.”
拉丁詞語(yǔ)是怎么束縛你的 文體的呢?一般來(lái)說(shuō)都是些長(zhǎng)并華而不實(shí)的單詞，以ion結(jié)尾，像implementation、maximization、 communication(五個(gè)音節(jié)那么長(zhǎng)!)或者以ent結(jié)尾，像development和fulfillment。這些詞語(yǔ)描述的都是一個(gè)模糊或抽 象的概念，不是我們能夠明確說(shuō)明的行動(dòng)。一個(gè)典型句子就是：財(cái)政強(qiáng)化計(jì)劃實(shí)施之前。其實(shí)就是說(shuō)：解決錢的問(wèn)題之前。
Believe it or not, this is the language that people in authority in America routinely use. They think those long Latin words make them sound important. It no longer rains in America; your TV weather man will tell that you we’re experiencing a precipitation probability situation.
不管你信不信，這些就是 美國(guó)的高層人士常用語(yǔ)。他們認(rèn)為這些長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的拉丁單詞能突顯自己的身份。美國(guó)已經(jīng)沒(méi)有下雨這一說(shuō)了，天氣預(yù)報(bào)員只會(huì)提到降水概率這個(gè)詞。
I’m sure all of you, newly arrived in America, have already been driven crazy trying to figure out the instructions for ordering a cell phone or connecting your computer, or applying for a bank loan or a health insurance policy, and you assume that those of us who were born here can understand this stuff. I assure you that we don’t understand it either.
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