国产精品尤物福利片在线观看_少妇免费毛片久久久久久久久_久久久久成人精品免费播放动漫_日韩av综合在线观看

歡迎來到010在線作文網!

英語說明文的寫作

英語作文 時間:2021-08-31 手機版

  就“說明對象”而言,英語說明文可分為對“客觀具體事物”的說明和對“主觀抽象觀念”的說明兩大類,比如:對“LASER(激光)”、“Computer Problem of Year 2000(計算機2000年問題)”等等的說明都是對客觀或者具體事物的說明,而“The Successful Interview(談成功的面試)”、“How to Write Good English Composition(如何才能寫好英語作文)” 等是對主觀抽象觀念的說明。對我們中學生朋友來說,在漢語說明文的教學中似乎比較側重前者,即解釋客觀具體事物的說明文。但在英語說明文中,闡述和說明 “主觀抽象觀念”的說明文占了很大的比重,其中有些類似漢語中的議論文。但是無論是對“客觀具體事物”的說明還是對“主觀抽象觀念”的闡述,英語說明文從結構上看大致可分為三個部分:第一部分一般是文章的第一段,提出文章的主題,也就是說,文章想要闡述、說明的主要內容;第二部分是文章的主體,可由若干個段落組成,對文章的主題進行展開說明;第三部分是結尾段,對文章的主題作歸納總結。從英語說明文的結構可以看出,要寫好英語說明文的關鍵在于第二部分如何對文章主題進行展開說明。在英語中,常見的用來展開文章主題的方法有下列幾種:

英語說明文的寫作

  1.羅列法(listing)

  在文章開始時提出需要說明的東西和觀點,然后常用first,second,…and finally加以羅列說明。羅列法廣泛地使用于各類指導性的說明文之中,下面這篇學生作文就是用羅列法寫成的:

  Early Rising

  Early rising (早起) is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us fit (健康)。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise (做早操)。

  Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning, and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

  Thirdly, early rising enables (使能夠) us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

  Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

  Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says,“Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”

  羅列法經常用下列句式展開段落,我們可以注意模仿學習:

  There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, …

  We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all, …Secondly, …And finally,

  必須指出的是,有時羅列法并不一定有明確的first, second…等詞,但文章還是以羅列論據展開的。

  2.舉例法(examples)

  舉例法是用具體的例子來說明我們要表達的意思,常用for example, for instance, still another example is…等詞語引出。下面這篇學生作文就是用舉例法寫成的:

  Recreation

  It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation (娛樂)。 The mind, too, needs change to make it fresh and vigorous (有活力的) There is much truth in the old saying, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

  There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done, for instance, football, tennis, and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating, fishing, gardening, cycling, walking, chess-playing, and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles (肌肉) with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work (體力活) should adopt (采納) reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

  Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation, but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience, and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk (輕松) walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor, chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

  可以看出,舉例法和羅列法有時可以結合使用:即用羅列法來列出例子,用例子充實羅列的說明。

  3.比較法(comparison and contrast)

  比較法是對兩個對象進行比較,從而進行說明的寫作手法。比較法又可細分為比較相同點(comparison)和比較不同點(contrast)兩種方法,比如:

  From Paragraph to Essay

  Although they are different in length (長度), the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (結構)。 For example, the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主題句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主題所在) Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引導的) paragraph. Finally, a concluding sentence (結束句) ——whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay, too, has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions (例外), most well written expository (說明文的) paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

  可以看出,在比較相同點的時候,常用到similarly,also,too,in the same case,in spite of the difference等這樣的詞語。

  European Football and American Football

  Although European football is the parent of American football, the two games show several major differences. European football, sometimes called association football or soccer, is played in 80 countries, making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football, on the other hand, is popular only in North America (the United States and Canada)。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football, also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions (位置) on the field, is played with an elongated (拉長的) round ball. Soccer has little body contact (接觸) between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football, in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates, needs special protective equipment. In soccer, the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting (頂) it with the head. In American football, on the other hand, the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponent's (對手) goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish (區別) association and American football.

  這是一篇用比較不同點的手法寫的說明文。從文章中可以看出:however,on the other hand,in contrast,but,nevertheless等表示轉折的詞語常用來引導對不同點的比較。

  4.定義法(definition)

  定義法也是英語說明文中常用的寫作手法,特別是在對具體事物概念進行說明時經常使用。定義法的基本要素是定義句。英語中常見定義句的模式是:

  被定義對象is所屬類別+限制性定語

  可以看出,定義句中限制性定語越詳細,定義就越精確,比如:

  A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以……為食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.

  其實,在英—英詞典中,對英語單詞的英文解釋就是定義法的典型例子。比如,看看Longman詞典對student和teacher的定義是很有意思的:A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession (專業)。

  5.順序法(sequence of time, space and process)

  順序法是指按時間、空間或過程的順序進行說明的一種寫作手法。比如按照時間順序介紹一個科學家的生平,用空間順序闡述逐漸開發西部的重要意義,用過程順序法解釋葡萄酒的生產過程等等。

  下面這篇學生作文就是用順序法寫成的:

  Coal

  Coal underwent (經受) many changes before it became the bright, brittle (脆的), black substance which we now use. During ancient times (在上古時代), when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate, the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on, the ground changed and began to sink (下沉) a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit (沉淀) of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

  Generations after generations (幾世紀后), as the ground kept gradually sinking, another layer of sand and clay was again deposited (積聚) above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted (作用) and the peat (泥煤) was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

  Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine (煤礦)。 In China, coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

  6.分類法(classification)

  分類法是將寫作對象進行分類說明的一種寫作手法。比如:著名的英國哲學家弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)在其膾炙人口的《談讀書》(Of Studies)一文中就用到了分類法:

  Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books…

  參考譯文:書有可淺嘗者,有可吞食者,少數則須咀嚼消化。換言之,有只須讀其部分者,有只須大體涉獵者,少數則須全讀,讀時須全神貫注,孜孜不倦。書亦可請人代讀,取其所需摘要,但只限題材較次或價值不高者……

  ——轉摘自《英漢翻譯教程》(張培基等)

  可見,如果能夠根據具體情況,選用合適的寫作手法,就可為文章增添無窮的魅力。

  除了上述提到的6種展開英語說明文主題的寫作方法之外,還有因果法、歸納法等其他方法。但相比之下,對于中學生來說,上述6種方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必須指出的是:在一篇文章中往往是以一種寫作手法為主,同時輔以其他寫作手法。有時,甚至會幾種寫作手法混用而不分主次。因此,必須根據具體情況,選用合適的展開主題的寫作手法,才能寫出優秀的英語說明文。


更多的相關英語作文推薦參考:
2013年江西高考英語作文題目
2013年重慶高考英語作文題目
2013年高考英語作文模板:現象說明文

本文來源http://www.nvnqwx.com/zuowen/yingyu/1609689.htm
以上內容來自互聯網,請自行判斷內容的正確性。若本站收錄的信息無意侵犯了貴司版權,請給我們來信(zaixianzuowenhezi@gmail.com),我們會及時處理和回復,謝謝.
国产精品尤物福利片在线观看_少妇免费毛片久久久久久久久_久久久久成人精品免费播放动漫_日韩av综合在线观看
麻豆成人在线播放| 免费不卡av在线| 天天夜碰日日摸日日澡性色av| 欧美精品xxx| 国语对白做受xxxxx在线中国| 81精品国产乱码久久久久久| 欧美激情极品视频| 韩国精品一区二区三区六区色诱| 日韩一级片免费视频| 极品粉嫩国产18尤物| 国产不卡在线观看| 视频一区国产精品| 风间由美久久久| 全黄性性激高免费视频| 国产精品美女主播| 欧美一级黄色影院| 成人在线小视频| 国产成人小视频在线观看| 欧美一区二区三区综合| 国产精品99久久久久久人| 中文字幕日韩精品久久| 成人免费xxxxx在线观看| 久久成人国产精品| 国内精品视频一区| 日韩中文视频免费在线观看| 日本电影一区二区三区| 国产精品91免费在线| 亚洲熟妇无码另类久久久| 国产伦一区二区三区色一情| 中文字幕一区二区三区四区五区人| 国产视频观看一区| 中文字幕一区二区三区精彩视频| 国产伦精品一区二区三区高清 | 久久99精品久久久久久噜噜| 免费国产一区二区| 国产精品久久久久久久av大片| 裸模一区二区三区免费| 国产精品久久久久久久久久新婚 | 亚洲色欲综合一区二区三区| 国产另类第一区| 亚洲精品日韩精品| 久久久亚洲影院| 午夜精品免费视频| 久久综合久久色| 日韩人妻无码精品久久久不卡 | 久久夜精品香蕉| 成人免费91在线看| 亚洲一卡二卡| 国产欧洲精品视频| 欧美激情网友自拍| 成人精品视频一区二区| 午夜精品一区二区三区av| 97精品久久久| 色播五月综合| 久久精品国产成人| 国产欧美在线一区| 亚洲一区二区三区四区中文| 丝袜一区二区三区| 精品1区2区| 欧美激情精品久久久久久变态| 91精品视频专区| 日本午夜人人精品| 国产精品日韩高清| 国产精品一区二区三区免费观看 | 黄色高清视频网站| 久久久久久91| 久久久亚洲国产精品| 欧美人与性禽动交精品| 久久99热精品| 久久噜噜噜精品国产亚洲综合| 虎白女粉嫩尤物福利视频| 欧美激情极品视频| www.日韩av.com| 国产精品自拍首页| 日韩免费中文专区| 伊人天天久久大香线蕉av色| 风间由美久久久| 欧美亚洲国产免费| 欧美xxxx14xxxxx性爽| 69av视频在线播放| 国产日韩欧美一二三区| 亚洲欧洲日韩综合二区| 精品国产一区二区三区久久| 国产一区二区免费电影| 亚洲 日韩 国产第一区| 国产精品手机视频| caoporn国产精品免费公开| 青青青国产精品一区二区| 精品国产乱码久久久久久蜜柚 | 久久精品国产清自在天天线| 91九色单男在线观看| 欧美在线观看视频| 动漫一区二区在线| 国产精品久久久久不卡| 久章草在线视频| 国产美女直播视频一区| 日韩在线电影一区| 自拍日韩亚洲一区在线| 国产精品色悠悠| 69国产精品成人在线播放| 国产日韩中文字幕| 日本中文字幕一级片| 欧美激情xxxx| 久久激情视频久久| 97精品在线视频| y111111国产精品久久婷婷| 精品日本一区二区| 欧美影院在线播放| 亚洲精品tv久久久久久久久| 91av国产在线| 激情五月综合色婷婷一区二区| 天堂资源在线亚洲资源| 欧美大成色www永久网站婷| www.国产精品一二区| 国产成人永久免费视频| yy111111少妇影院日韩夜片| 日韩在线观看免费网站| 久久免费视频网站| 国产资源在线视频| 免费看成人午夜电影| 日本不卡免费新一二三区| 欧美精品久久久久久久久久| 日韩在线免费视频| 久久久久狠狠高潮亚洲精品| 国产区日韩欧美| 国产免费黄视频| 国产中文字幕乱人伦在线观看| 麻豆成人av| 国内成+人亚洲| 免费国产一区| 国模私拍视频一区| 国内一区二区三区在线视频| 美国av一区二区三区| 日韩精彩视频| 欧美日韩在线播放一区二区| 人妻有码中文字幕| 国产精品美女无圣光视频| 国产精品日韩高清| 国产成人精品一区二区| 国产精品视频免费在线| 国产精品网站视频| 国产精品久久久一区| 国产精品国产三级国产专播精品人| 国产精品视频自拍| 久久久精品在线| 精品国产乱码久久久久软件| 欧美乱大交xxxxx| 影音先锋欧美在线| 久久亚洲影音av资源网| 久久精品一区中文字幕| 国产精品天天狠天天看| 国产精品视频免费观看| 欧美日韩福利视频| 亚洲日本一区二区三区在线不卡| 日韩电影天堂视频一区二区| 日本www高清视频| 久久6精品影院| 午夜免费福利小电影| 亚洲va码欧洲m码| 欧美精品免费看| 亚洲专区在线视频| 亚洲成色www久久网站| 日韩国产欧美亚洲| 蜜桃成人免费视频| 国产精成人品localhost| 国产黄页在线观看| 国产精品久久久久av福利动漫| 色综合久久天天综线观看| 三级网在线观看| 激情伦成人综合小说| 精品1区2区| 7777精品视频| 少妇久久久久久| 欧美激情视频在线观看| 亚洲精品中文综合第一页| 热re99久久精品国产99热| 精品视频导航| 久久综合给合久久狠狠色| 久久久久久亚洲| 精品国产成人av在线免| 视频一区三区| 男人天堂新网址| 久久亚洲高清| 国产精品久久久久久久久久久久久久| 亚洲色图自拍| 欧美精品免费观看二区| 91精品在线播放| 久久久精品美女| 欧美激情久久久久| 欧美高清一区二区| 91免费看蜜桃| 国产99在线免费| 欧美一区二区中文字幕| 99在线视频首页| www.欧美三级电影.com| 亚洲精品欧洲精品| 国产一区在线观| 亚洲一区亚洲二区| 国模吧一区二区| 国产ts人妖一区二区三区|