高中英語語法詞語辨析

　　高中英語語法-詞語辨析(一)

　　able / capable

　　able和capable均用于談及某人能夠做某事。

　　若說someone is able to do something意為某人能做某事，因為有知識或技能，或具備做該事的條件。

　　Breslow wondered if he could be able to climb over the rail. 布雷斯洛不知道是否能爬過欄桿。

　　They must be able to use their profiles for new investment. 他們必須能把利潤用于新的投資。

　　注意，過去時表明某人實際上已經做了某事。

　　We were able to reduce costs. 我們能夠降低成本。

　　若說someone is capable of doing something 指某人如有需要的話，是具有做某事的知識或技能的，或指他有可能會做某事。

　　Workers are perfectly capable of running the organizations which employ them. 工人完全有能力經營受雇的機構。

　　She was quite capable of dropping off to sleep. 她往往會不知不覺入睡。

　　也可說to be capable of a feeling or an action，意為具有某種感情，或會做得出某事的。

　　I think he's capable of loyalty and seriousness. 我想他會忠誠，認真。

　　Bowman could not not believe him capable of murder. 鮑曼不相信他會殺人。

　　在談及汽車或機器等的性能時，通常用capable of。

　　... water turbines, which are capable of producing more economical electricity. ……能降低發電成本的水動渦輪機。

　　The car was capable of 110 miles per hour. 這車每小時能跑一百一十英里。

　　若把某人描述為able或capable，其意為某人聰明能干。兩詞用作這一意義時，基本相同。

　　... the able and methodical King Charles V of France. ……能干、有條理的法國國王查理五世。

　　This very able man totally failed to see the possibilities of the telephone. 這位非常能干的人根本沒看到電話的潛在價值。

　　Newborn babies are more capable than was once thought. 新生嬰兒的能力比以前人們想象的要強得多。

　　Well, you certainly have a capable gardener there. 喲，你的園丁一定能干。

　　高中英語語法-高中英語語法重點難點回顧之三

　　高中英語語法重點難點回顧之三

　　little,no,some, 等修飾。

　　I have read all the book (that) you gave me.

　　4)先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時。

　　He is the only person that I want to talk to.

　　5)先行詞既有人又有物時。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

　　先行詞是表示地點時,要根據從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則用where。

　　This is the house where he lived last year.

　　This is the house that (which) he visited last year.

　　用no sooner…than和hardly…when引導的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時,從句用過去時;而且主句一般倒裝,把助動詞had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

　　代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變。Here it is. Here he comes.

　　當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時也常常引起全部倒裝。

　　South of the city lies a big steel factory.

　　From the valley came a frightening sound.

　　表語置于句首時,倒裝結構為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。

　　Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

　　Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.

　　Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.

　　He has been to Beijing. So have I.

　　Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.

　　部分倒裝

　　用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.

　　3.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動詞)+as(though)引導的讓步狀語從句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.

　　Try as he would, he might fail again.

　　如果從句的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。

　　Child as he was, he had to make a living.

　　用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

　　用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等詞開頭的句子。

　　Never shall I do this again.

　　Little did he know who the woman was.

　　6.用于以only開頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句時)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.

　　Only in this way can you master English.

　　Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

　　如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝。

　　Only Wang Ling knows this.

　　用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!

　　stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,

　　an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;

　　papers 報紙, 文件 manners禮貌 drinks飲料

　　in a word 簡言之?in other words 換句話說

　　have words with 與某人吵嘴

　　have a few words (a word) with sb.與某人說幾句話

　　The crowd were running for their lives．

　　某些集體名詞, 如people, police, cattle等, 只當復數看待, 謂語動詞必須用復數。The police are searching for him.

　　高中英語語法-高中英語語法重點難點回顧之二

　　d that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

　　He demanded that we (should) start right away.

　　作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句,其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結構“(should)＋動詞原形”。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.

　　My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.

　　在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等詞后的補足語中,不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動結構時,就必須帶to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.

　　He is often heard to sing the song.

　　注意：不定式動詞在介詞but, except, besides后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么,這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to.如：

　　She could do nothing but cry.

　　What do you like to do besides swim?