高考英語influence affect的區(qū)別詞語辨析

　　高考英語詞語辨析：affect, effect, influence的區(qū)別

1. affect 與 effect 均可表示“影響”，其區(qū)別是：前者是動詞(及物)，主要指一時的影響，著重影響的動作，可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞)，也可指不良影響;后者是名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))，兩者的關(guān)系大致為：affect=have an effect on。如：

　　To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影響一項政策就是對該政策具有一種影響。

　　The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 這條消息對她沒有一點影響。

　　注：effect 有時雖用作動詞(及物)，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。如：

　　They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他們半夜逃脫了。

　　He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

2. influence 表示“影響”，主要指對行為、性格、觀點等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響。可用作動詞(及物)或名詞(通常不可數(shù)，但有時可連用不定冠詞)。如：

　　What you read influences your thinking. 你讀的東西對你的思想有影響。

　　It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的畫顯然受了畢加索的影響。

　　Television has a strong influence on people. 電視對人有很大的影響。

　　高考英語詞語辨析：about, on, with用法辨異

這三個介詞的用法既有相同之處，也有不同之處。分述如下：

1. 三者均可表示“隨身帶著”，有時可互換。如：

　　I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身邊沒帶錢。

2. 嚴(yán)格說來，這三個詞是有區(qū)別的：

　　(1) about 一般指隨身帶的小物品。如：

　　Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上帶圓珠筆了嗎?

　　2) with 多指帶較大的東西(也可指較小的東西)。如：

　　He took an umbrella with him. 他隨身帶了把傘。

　　3) on 表示帶在身上(如在口袋里)。如：

　　Have you any money on you? 你身上帶著錢嗎?

　　注：此例若用 with 或 about，則不一定放在身上，可能放在皮包里等。

3. 用于引申義，表示某人或某物的特性或特征，通常用 about。如：

　　There is something noble about him. 他有一種高貴的氣質(zhì)。

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　　We can see something beautiful about the old cottage. 從這座古老的小屋本身我們可以看到一些美的東西。

　　注：以上用法中的 about 有時可與介詞 in 換用，前者側(cè)重指外在表現(xiàn)，后者側(cè)重指內(nèi)在素質(zhì)。

　　高考英語詞語辨析：after 與 behind 用法辨析

　　兩者均可表示“在……之后”，既有相同之處，也有不同之處。分述如下：

1. after 主要用于時間或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：

　　He decided to leave after lunch. 他決定午飯后離開。

　　Summer comes after spring. 春去夏來。

　　The hospital is behind the post office. 醫(yī)院在郵局后面。

　　注：behind 有時也用于時間，表示“遲于”，主要用于 behind time(遲，晚)這一習(xí)語。如：

　　The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火車晚點 20 分鐘。

2. 兩者都可用于引申義，after 側(cè)重指追求、尋找、模仿等;而behind 則側(cè)重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：

　　The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。

　　Many young people are after her. 許多年青人都追求她。

　　We are behind you completely. 我們完全支持你。

　　He is behind the others in maths. 他的數(shù)學(xué)不如別人。

　　高考英語詞語辨析：accident 與 incident辨析

1. accident 指偶然發(fā)生的不幸事件，即“事故”;incident 則指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件。如：

　　About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在這次車禍中大約有10個人喪生。

　　That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。

　　The book is about the July 7th Incident. 這本書是關(guān)于七七事變的`。

2. 在習(xí)語 by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：

　　I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到這個錢包純屬偶然。

　　高考英語詞語辨析：如何辨析area, region 與 district

三者均可表示“地區(qū)”，區(qū)別如下：

　　1. area 是這組詞中用得最廣的，表示的“地區(qū)”可大可小，但通常不指行政分區(qū)。如：

　　I find the people in this area very friendly. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個 地方的人很友好。

　　2. region 通常指較大的地區(qū)，它既可以表示一個國家的行政分區(qū)，也可以指非行政分區(qū)。如：

　　The southeast is the richest of England. 英國的東南部是最富有的。

　　Italy is divided into 20 regions. 意大利被分為20個行政區(qū)。

　　其他用例：

　　the Arctic region 北極地區(qū) an oil region 石油產(chǎn)區(qū)

　　in country regions 在農(nóng)村地區(qū) a forest region 林區(qū)

　　3. district 指相對于 region 稍小的地區(qū)，通常指一個國家或城市的行政分區(qū)，有時也指非行政分區(qū)。如：

　　The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 這幾個字母代表倫敦的郵政分區(qū)。

　　The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最熱鬧的商業(yè)區(qū)是王府井大街一帶。

　　2016高考英語抓分訓(xùn)練：動詞和動詞短語辨析及答案詳解

　　2014高考英語抓分訓(xùn)練：動詞和動詞短語辨析

　　1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.

　　A.pick B.take

　　C.start D.mind

　　2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.

　　A.convinced B.described

　　C.committed D.confirmed

　　3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.[來源:www.shulihua.net]

　　A.went B.disappeared

　　C.ran D.fell

　　4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.

　　A.took B.needed

　　C.spent D.shared

　　5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.

　　A.acquired B.finished

　　C. concluded D.achieved

　　6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.

　　A.expose B.admire

　　C.distinguish D.hide

　　7.The US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.

　　A.accumulated B.reflected

　　C.distinguished D.confirmed

　　8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.

　　A.base B.impress

　　C.focus D.rely

　　9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[來源:www.shulihua.net]

　　A.breaking B.pouring[來源:www.shulihua.net]

　　C.filling D.squeezing

　　10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.

　　A.criticized B.defined

　　C.estimated D.revealed

　　11.Learning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.

　　A.create B.live

　　C.share D.learn

　　12.Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.

　　A.impressed B.affected

　　C.expressed D.designed

　　13.Your daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.

　　A.promises B.agrees

　　C.expects D.pretends

　　14.It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.

　　A.fitted in B.showed up

　　C.given in D.burnt up

　　15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.

　　A.pick out B.bri ng out

　　C.make out D.give out

　　16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?

　　—Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.

　　A.turned away B.turned out

　　C.turned off D.turned up

　　17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.

　　A.call off B.call for

　　C.call up D.call on

　　18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.

　　A.take up B.make up

　　C.work out D.carry out

　　19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.

　　A.go on B.keep on

　　C.carry on D.take on

　　20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?

　　—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.

　　A.put away B.put on

　　C.put forward D.put up

　　21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.

　　A.calls on B.call s for

　　C.calls up D.calls off

　　22.—Why are you ________ your things?

　　—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.

　　A.picking up B.packing up

　　C.putting up D.taking up

　　23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.

　　A.give away B.give off

　　C.give back D.give up

　　24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that ________.

　　A.counts B.values

　　C.minds D.means

　　25.That pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.

　　A.caught B.held

　　C.pulled D.fixed

　　26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.

　　A.cut B.put

　　C.turn D.settle

　　27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.

　　A.distributes B.arranges

　　C.classifies D.divides

　　28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.

　　A.spot B.dismiss

　　C.shelter D.distinguish

　　29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.

　　A.prepare B.match

　　C.fit D.do

　　30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.

　　—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.

　　A.wants B.hopes

　　C.promises D.wishes

　　31.Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.

　　A.open B.adjust

　　C.narrow D.reduce

　　32.What you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.

　　A.watch B.notice

　　C.sense D.attend

　　33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.

　　A.make up B.polish up

　　C.build up D.give up

　　34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.

　　A.look through B.get through

　　C.figure out D.take out

　　35.The public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(雜交水稻).

　　A.live up to B.look up to

　　C.come up with D.put up with

　　36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.

　　—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.

　　A.answer for B.apply for

　　C.account for D.call for

　　37.We did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.

　　A.taken up B.made up

　　C.put up D.brought up

　　38.More and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.

　　A.give away B.give up

　　C.give out D.give off

　　39.It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.

　　A.look upon B.look after

　　C.look into D.look out

　　40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.

　　A.confirm B.convey

　　C.convince D.consider

　　41.Remember to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.

　　A.take up B.brush up

　　C.get up D.keep up

　　42.Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.

　　A.looked up to B.lived up to

　　C.kept up with D.come up with

　　43.Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.

　　A.gets B.makes

　　C.puts D.means

　　44.The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.

　　A.given out B.given away

　　C.given over D.given up