Throughout the millennia, students of all ages in China have had to endure the miseries of learning by rote. Teachers have stifled creativity in the pursuit of the accumulation of facts, and parents have forced children to spend mind-numbing hours cramming for exams. But for the past year, the government has been experimenting with what could amount to revolutionary changes in China's classrooms. The aim is to make education more pleasant, more useful and, above all, to challenge students to think for themselves.
數(shù)千年來，在中國所有年齡的學生都不得不忍受痛苦的死記硬背的學習。教師扼殺創(chuàng)造力的積累事實的追求，和父母強迫孩子花費大量時間死記硬背考試。但在過去的一年，政府一直在嘗試什么可能在中國課堂的革命性變化。目的是使教育更加愉快，更加實用，最重要的是，鼓勵學生為自己著想。
What has prompted the reforms is a belated recognition that China's education system is failing to produce enough innovative thinkers. In addition, students are deeply unhappy. A survey conducted by the Education Ministry five years ago found more than 80% of students disliked school. Dropout rates have been rising in rural areas—partly for economic reasons but also because of the stultifying atmosphere of their classrooms. Exam pressures frequently lead to suicides. According to a survey last year among senior secondary-school students and university freshmen in one area, more than 50% had considered killing themselves.
是什么促使改革的是一個遲來的承認，中國的教育系統(tǒng)未能產(chǎn)生足夠的創(chuàng)新思想家。此外，深受學生們的不滿。五年前，教育部進行的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過80%的學生不喜歡學校。輟學率持續(xù)上升，部分農(nóng)村地區(qū)由于經(jīng)濟上的原因，也因為教學氛圍單調(diào)乏味。考試的壓力導致自殺。根據(jù)去年的一項調(diào)查表明，高中學生和大學新生在一個地區(qū)，超過50%曾考慮自殺。
Several other countries in East Asia, including Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, are grappling with similar problems. But the implications of China's reform efforts are particularly profound. China's traditional education methods are ideally suited to a political culture that requires citizens to submit blindly to authority. By encouraging students to question their teachers and regard them as equals (even official literature now talks of fostering a “democratic” atmosphere in classrooms), China could be ushering in a new kind of relationship between the rulers and the ruled.
其他東亞國家，包括日本，韓國和臺灣，也面臨著類似的問題。但中國的改革努力的影響是特別深刻的。中國的傳統(tǒng)教育方法非常適合于政治文化，要求公民提交盲目的權威。鼓勵學生質(zhì)疑老師，把他們作為平等的(即使是官方文學現(xiàn)在談話中培養(yǎng)“民主”的課堂氣氛)，中國將迎來一個新的統(tǒng)治者和被統(tǒng)治者之間的關系。
The problem is making it work. The government has set ambitious targets with few resources to ensure that the country's more than 10m primary- and secondary-school teachers acquire the skills and determination to change the habits of a lifetime. The reforms started in September 2001 with about 420,000 primary- and junior secondary-school students (out of a national total of more than 215m) taking part in 38 experimental zones around the country. In September this year, participation increased to 9.1m pupils in 572 zones. These figures will double next year. The Education Ministry's original idea had been to implement the reforms nationwide by 2010. But according to Liu Jian of the ministry's National Centre for School Curriculum and Textbook Development, employers from a variety of enterprises said they wanted a quicker timetable. So now the target is 2005. In 2004, similar experiments will start in secondary schools.
問題是它的工作。政府已經(jīng)制定了雄心勃勃的'目標，以較少的資源來保證國家的超過1000萬小學和中學教師的能力和決心改變一生的習慣。改革開始于九月2001約420000小學和初中的學生(從一個國家超過215m總)以38個試驗區(qū)在全國部分。今年九月，參與增加910萬學生572區(qū)。這些數(shù)字將增加一倍，明年。教育部的本意已實施改革的全國2010。但根據(jù)該部的國家中心的劉健學校的課程和教材開發(fā)，從各種企業(yè)的雇主說他們想要一個更快的時間表。所以現(xiàn)在的目標是2005。2004，類似的實驗在中學開始。
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