胸有成竹成語(yǔ)故事中英對(duì)照

　　In the song Dynasty (960-1279),there was a scholar whose name was Wen Tong and who styled himself Yuke. He was not only admired by others for his great learning, but also enjoyed widespread renown for his bamboo drawing. Every day there were always quite a few peoply who called at his house to ask for one of his bamboo drawings.

　　北宋畫(huà)家文同，字與可。他畫(huà)的竹子遠(yuǎn)近聞名，每天總有不少人登門求畫(huà)。文同畫(huà)竹的妙訣在哪里呢？

　　Actually, Wen Tong loved bamboos so much that he had grown various bamboos everywhere around his house. No matter what season it was and no matter whether it was sunny or rainy, he used to go to the bamboo forest to observe how they were growing. He pondered over the lenght and breadth of the bamboo poles as well as the shapes and colours of the leaves. Whenever he had gained a new understanding, he went back to his study, spread a piece of paper and prepareed some ink by rubbing an ink stick on an ink slab, and drew what was in his mind on the paper. Through accumulation over a long period of time, the images of the bamboo in different seasons, under different weather conditions and at different moments were deeply imprinted in his mind.So whenever he stood before the paper and picked up a painting brush with concentrated attention, the various forms of the bamboo which he had observed at ordinary times at once rose before his eyes. And so every time he was drawing bamboos he appeared confident and at ease, and all the bamboos he had painted were very vivid and true to lift.

　　原來(lái)，文同在自己家的房前屋后種上各種樣的竹子，無(wú)論春夏秋冬，陰睛風(fēng)雨，他經(jīng)常去竹林觀察竹子的生長(zhǎng)變化情況，琢磨竹枝的長(zhǎng)短粗細(xì)，葉子的形態(tài)、顏色，每當(dāng)有新的感受就回到書(shū)房，鋪紙研墨，把心中的印象畫(huà)在紙上。目積月累，竹子在不同季節(jié)、不同天氣、不同時(shí)辰的形象都深深地印在他的心中，只要凝神提筆，在畫(huà)紙前一站，平日觀察到的各種形態(tài)的竹子立刻浮現(xiàn)在眼前。所以每次畫(huà)竹，他都顯得非常從容自信，畫(huà)出的竹子，無(wú)不逼真?zhèn)魃瘛?/p>

　　When people spoke highly of his paintings, he always said modestly that he had just put the images of the bamboo imprinted in his mind on the paper.

　　當(dāng)人們夸獎(jiǎng)他的畫(huà)時(shí)，他總是謙虛地說(shuō)：“我只是把心中琢磨成熟的竹子畫(huà)下來(lái)罷了。”

　　A young man wanted to learn bamboo drawing; when he knew that Chao Buzhi had made a profound study of Wen Tong's art of drawing, he went to Chao Buzhi for instruction. Chao Buzhi wrote a poem to him. In the poem, there are the following two lines:

　　When Yuke was painting the bamboos,

　　He bad their images ready in his bosom.

　　有位青年想學(xué)畫(huà)竹，得知詩(shī)人晁補(bǔ)之對(duì)文同的畫(huà)很有研究，前往求教。晃補(bǔ)之寫(xiě)了一首詩(shī)送給他，其中有兩句：“與可畫(huà)竹，胸中有成竹。”

　　Later people have summarized the lines as " having had the images of the bamboo ready in one's bosom," which means having had ready plans or designs in one's mind before doing a certain job so that its success is guaranteed. It is also used go mean being calm and cool - headed in dealing with things.

　　“胸有成竹”，比喻做事之前已作好充分準(zhǔn)備，對(duì)事情的成功已有了十分的把握；又比喻遇事不慌，十分沉著。

　　This story comes from an article writted by Su Shi concerning Wen Yuke's art of bamboo drawing.

延伸閱讀：

指鹿為馬－中國(guó)成語(yǔ)故事中英對(duì)照

　　Calling a Stag a Horse 指鹿為馬

　　In the reign of Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), the prime minister Zhao Gao, obsessed with ambitions, was planning to usurp the throne day and night. But he did not know how many of the ministers in the court were allowed to be ordered about by him and how many of them were his opponents. So he thought out a way to test how high his prestige among the ministers was and also to find out who dared to oppose him.

　　秦二世時(shí)，丞相趙高野心勃勃，日夜盤(pán)算著要篡奪皇位。可朝中大臣有多少人能聽(tīng)他擺布，有多少人反對(duì)他，他心中沒(méi)底。于是，他想了一個(gè)辦法，準(zhǔn)備試一試自己的威信，同時(shí)也可以摸清敢于反對(duì)他的人。

　　One day when court was held, Zhao Gao let someone bring a stag to the court and, with a broad smile on his face, he said to Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty:"Your Majesty, here is a fine horse I'm presenting to you." Looking at the animal, Emperor the Second thought that it was obviously a stag and that it couldn't be a horse. So he said smilingly to Zhao Gao:"Mister Prime Minister, you are wrong. This is a stay. Why do you say it is a horse?" Remaining calm, Zhao Gao said:"Will your Majesty please see more clearly? This really is a horse that covers a thousand li a day." Filled with suspicion, Emperor the Second looked at the stag again and said:"How can the antlers be grown on the head of a horse?" Turning around and pointing his finger at the ministers, Zhao Gao said in a loud voice:"if our Majesty do not believe me, you can ask the ministers."

　　一天上朝時(shí)，趙高讓人牽來(lái)一只鹿，滿臉堆笑地對(duì)秦二世說(shuō)：“陛下，我獻(xiàn)給您一匹好馬。”秦二世一看，心想：這哪里是馬，這分明是一只鹿嘛！便笑著對(duì)趙高說(shuō)：“丞相搞錯(cuò)了，這里一只鹿，你怎么說(shuō)是馬呢？”趙高面不改色心不跳地說(shuō)：“請(qǐng)陛下看清楚，這的確是一匹千里馬。”秦二世又看了看那只鹿，將信將疑地說(shuō)：“馬的頭上怎么會(huì)長(zhǎng)角呢？”趙高一轉(zhuǎn)身，用手指著眾大臣，大聲說(shuō)：“陛下如果不信我的話，可以問(wèn)問(wèn)眾位大臣。”

　　The nonsense of Zhao Gao made the ministers totally at a lose, and they whispered to themselves: What tricks was Zhao Gao playing? Was it not obvious whether it was a stag or a horse? But when they saw the sinister smile on Zhao Gao's face and his two rolling eyes which were gazing at each of them, they suddenly understood his evil intentions.

　　大臣們都被趙高的一派胡言搞得不知所措，私下里嘀咕：這個(gè)趙高搞什么名堂？是鹿是馬這不是明擺著嗎！當(dāng)看到趙高臉上露出陰險(xiǎn)的.笑容，兩只眼睛骨碌碌輪流地盯著趙高臉上露出陰險(xiǎn)的笑容，兩只眼睛骨碌碌輪流地盯著每個(gè)人的時(shí)候，大臣們忽然明白了他的用意。

　　Some of the ministers who were timid and yet had a sense of right eousness did not dare to say anything, because to tell lies would make their conscience uneasy and to tell the truth would mean that they would be persecuted by Zhao Gao later. Some ministers with a sense of justice persisted that it was a stag and not a horse. There were still some crafty and fawning ministers who followed Zhao Gao closely in ordinary times. They immediately voiced their support to Zhao Gao, saying to the emperor:"This really in a horse that covers a thousand li a day."

　　一些膽小又有正義感的人都低下頭，不敢說(shuō)話，因?yàn)檎f(shuō)假話，對(duì)不起自己的良心，說(shuō)真話又怕日后被趙高所害。有些正直的人，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為是說(shuō)明書(shū)而不是馬。還有一些平時(shí)就緊跟趙高的奸佞之人立刻表示擁護(hù)趙高的說(shuō)法，對(duì)皇上說(shuō)，“這確是一匹千里馬！”

　　After the event, Zhao Gao punished by various means those ministers with a sense of justice who were not obedient to him, even with whole families of some of those ministers executed.

　　事后，趙高通過(guò)各種手段把那些不順從自己的正直大臣紛紛治罪，甚至滿門抄斬。

　　This story appears in "The Life of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty" in The Historical Records written by Sima Qian. From this story people have derived the set phrase "calling a stag a horse" to mean deliberately misrepresenting some thing and misleading the public.

　　故事出自《史記·秦始皇本紀(jì)》。成語(yǔ)“指鹿為馬”比喻故意顛倒是非，混淆黑白。