一、掌握時間和條件狀語從句中的時態與主句時態的搭配
(1)時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有when(當……時候),while(當,在……過程中),since(自從……以來),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),tell/until(直到……時),as soon as(一……就)。如果主句為一般將來時,則時間狀語從句只能用一般現在時表示將來的意義。
He was reading the newspaper when I came in.當我進來時,他正在讀報紙。
Keep an eye on my cat while I am away.我不在時,請照看一下我的貓。
Don’t talk so loud while others are studying.別人學習時不要大聲說話。
It has been five years since she went abroad.她出國已有五年了。
He died before his son came back.他在他兒子回來之前就去世了。
I’ll show him around our factory as soon as he arrives.他一到達我就領他參觀我們的工廠。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as I see him. 我一見到他就告訴他。
(2) 條件狀語從句
引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞是if(如果)。如果主句是一般將來時,條件狀語從句只能用一般現在時。
If you stay at home, I’ll go.如果你呆在家里,我就走。
If we don’t get up early, we won’t catch the train.如果我們不早起,我們就趕不上火車。
二、掌握賓語從句的語序及其時態與主句時態的呼應
(1)賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序一律使用陳述語序。尤其是在把兩個獨立的句子連成一個含有賓語從句的復合句時必須特別注意:
當賓語從句原為陳述句時,用that引導,語序不變。(注意時態的一致)
Tom isn’t a good student. The teacher told us…→
The teacher told us Tom wasn’t a good student.老師告訴我們湯姆不是一個好學生。
He has given up smoking. She said…→
She said he had given up smoking.她說他已經戒煙了。
當賓語從句原為一般疑問句時,用whether或if連接,語序變為陳述語序。
Is Jim a doctor? I wonder…→
I wonder whether Jim is a doctor.我想知道吉姆是否是個醫生。
Does she dance well? Can you tell me…→
Can you tell me if she dances well?你能告訴我她舞跳的是否好嗎?
當賓語從句原為特殊疑問句時,特殊疑問詞即為連接詞,語序變為陳述語序。
She asked me where you were going.她問我你去哪里。
She wondered what he wanted to do.她不知道他想干什么。
(2)賓語從句的時態
賓語從句的時態原則上應與主句的時態保持一致。
如果主句是現在時態(包括一般現在時,現在進行時和現在完成時),賓語從句可以是實際需要的任何時態。
I am wondering whether he has come or not.我不知道他是否已經來了。(現在完成時)
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.請告訴我什么時候開會。(一般將來時)
I don’t know who they are talking about.我不知道他們正在談論誰。(現在進行時)
I have heard the window was broken by John.我已經聽說窗戶是被約翰打破的。
如果主句是過去的時態(包括一般過去時,過去進行時),賓語從句必須選用過去的某一時態(即一般過去時,過去將來時,過去進行時或過去完成時等)
He said he would kill her.他說他會殺了她。(過去將來時)
She told us Lucy had returned home.她告訴我們露茜已經回家去了。(過去完成時)
Mary was wondering who could answer the question.
瑪麗想知道誰能回答這一問題。(一般過去時)
I didn’t told them where you were having the meeting.
我沒有告訴他們你們正在哪兒開會。(過去進行時)
如果賓語從句表示的是科學其理、客觀事實或格言警句等,則不管這句是何種時態,從句一律用一般現在時。
Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun.奶奶告訴我地球圍繞太陽轉。
She said a friend in need is a friend indeed.她說患難朋友才是真正的朋友。
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