天壇中英導(dǎo)游詞

　　我們應(yīng)該了解天壇才能夠?yàn)橛慰透玫慕榻B?下面是小編為大家整理的天壇中英導(dǎo)游詞，以便各位了解!

　　各位游客，我們今天所要參觀的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇。

　　Dear visitors, today we will visit the emperor worship was formerly place - the temple of heaven.

　　明朝永樂皇帝遷都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這作用于祭天的圣壇，占地面積達(dá)到了273萬平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻，北面是圓形，南面是方形，取意天圓地方。在一開始，祭天和祭地都是天壇，直到明嘉靖年間在北城修建了地壇，才分開的，并且新增了圜丘壇，用于孟冬祭天，把原來的大祀殿改為大享殿，專門用于孟春祈谷，當(dāng)時(shí)殿宇屋頂已經(jīng)是三重檐了，從上至下的藍(lán)黃綠三色瓦分別代表了天地萬物。而在乾隆年間，有將大享殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿，而將屋頂瓦片都改成了藍(lán)色的琉璃瓦。從而形成了今天我們所看到的這個(gè)世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

　　Ming yongle emperor after moved in Beijing enterprise of Beijing, the big site modeled nanjing is established for this role in praying to alter, covers an area of reached 273 million square meters. Lord architecture is big, is also the site of QiNianDian position today. The temple of heaven has outer wall and the altar, the north is round compound has wall, the south is square, take meaning nature round place. In the beginning, heaven and offering ground is the temple of heaven, until the jiajing years in beicheng built ditan, just separate, and new MengDong HuanQiu altar, for the original big praying to the site, and great temple, instead, when MengChun specially for the mega garden just house roof was three double-hipped roof, from top to bottom blue and yellow green colors representing the earthen universe. And in qianlong multiplied, instead of the house, and now QiNianDian with roof tiles blue glazed tile. Thus formed today what we see of the world's largest ceremonial buildings.

　　可是這樣一個(gè)祭天圣地，卻也曾經(jīng)在1860年時(shí)遭到英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫，繼而在1900年的時(shí)候又遭到了八國(guó)聯(lián)軍的蹂躪。在1916年袁世凱登基的時(shí)候也曾經(jīng)在天壇上演了一出祭天的鬧劇。在1918年，天壇最終還是以公園開放。解放以后天壇不僅成了著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，而且還是北京城市綠地的組成部分，來這里的不光是旅游者，還不乏一些專門為了強(qiáng)身健體的老人們。

　　But such a praying to the holy land, but also once was in the anglo-french allied in 1860, then the looted in 1900 was again the ravages of g8 coalition. In 1916 the reign of yuan shikai once also in the temple of heaven has played a ceremonial farce. In 1918, the temple of heaven park end up with open. After the liberation tiantan not only become the famous tourist attractions, and still part of the Beijing urban green space, come here not only is the tourists, also have some specifically for the old people vti).

　　現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當(dāng)年皇帝登壇的路線開始此次游覽。

　　Now let's put the altar along the route that the emperor start the tour.

　　現(xiàn)在我們正沿著天壇建筑的中軸線向南行進(jìn)，將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘有兩道圍護(hù)墻，使外方內(nèi)圓，符合天圓地方的說法。每道墻都有四組欞星門，從東面依次是泰元、昭亨、廣利、成貞，每組三門，共有24座，稱為“云門玉立”。大家可以注意到，欞星門的大小都不一樣，這是因?yàn)橹虚T是上帝專用的，所以高大;皇帝只能從左側(cè)的門進(jìn)入;而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。而門外的一座平臺(tái)就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更換祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服臺(tái)。來到了圜丘壇下，我們馬上要開始登壇了，不過我請(qǐng)您留心每層壇面都要有多少臺(tái)階。到了最高層，大家也就都發(fā)現(xiàn)了，壇上所有的臺(tái)階數(shù)，護(hù)板數(shù)都是九或者九的倍數(shù)。每登上一層，都要有9層臺(tái)階，臺(tái)面上的石板中間的叫做天心石，外圍第一圈砌著9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18塊，以此類推，到了最外邊的第九圈正好是81塊;而大家抬頭就可以看到的圍護(hù)板被四面臺(tái)階分為四個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分也都有9塊，而中層的`圍護(hù)板是18塊，下層的是27塊，這些難道都是巧合么?當(dāng)然不是，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)陰陽五行來說，9是極陽數(shù)，所以古代的工匠便用這個(gè)數(shù)字來賦予圜丘臺(tái)意念上的崇高。

　　Now we are temple buildings along the axis to the south road, are going to see is HuanQiu altar of ancient emperor worship. There are two ways HuanQiu surrounded wall, make foreign inside the circle, accord with that nature round place. Every wall all have four groups lingxingmeng, from east ordinal it is tai yuan, zhao heng, GuangLi, ChengZhen, each group sanmen, a total of 24 seats, called "cloud gate jade". You can notice, lingxingmeng size are different, this is because in door is god dedicated, so tall; Only from the door of the emperor into; But other officials can only from the right side of the door through the smallest. And the same platform is emperor ceremonies in worship before replacement offering clothing and wash one's hands and face with local, called served Taiwan. Came to HuanQiu altar, we'll start next put altar, but I please pay attention to each layer of how many steps square. To top it all, we also found, the altar all steps number, guard board number are nine or multiples of nine. Every board a layer, have 9 steps, mesa tablets of stone, called pure among the first lap the periphery of nine laps huge brick slab, the second lap fan 18 blocks, and so on, to most outside the 9th lap is just 81 block; And everybody looked can see enclosure panels were all steps is divided into four parts, each part also has nine pieces, while middle-level enclosure panel is 18 blocks, lower is 27 pieces, these aren't all be coincidence? Of course not, because according to the Yin yang-five elements, it is extremely Yang number nine, so ancient craftsman will use this digital to give HuanQiu sets the noble thoughts.

　　說完了神壇的奇妙，我在給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在這里祭天。在大典前兩天，皇帝要在故宮里進(jìn)行齋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天壇的齋宮進(jìn)行齋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，現(xiàn)在的凌晨四點(diǎn)多，奏報(bào)時(shí)辰，皇帝起駕，齋宮東北角的鐘樓開始鳴鐘。到具服臺(tái)盥洗更衣，神牌都送到臺(tái)面相應(yīng)的位置，也就是七組神位，稱作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢，用松枝燔燒，西南的望燈桿望燈高懸，點(diǎn)燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟，臺(tái)南廣場(chǎng)上排列著奏樂隊(duì)，配合著中和韶樂，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式開始了，皇帝由南欞星左門登壇，這時(shí)鐘聲停止，到了第二層南側(cè)拜位站好后，聽候司贊人報(bào)儀程。恭讀至皇天上帝的祝文。禮儀結(jié)束以后，要將神位前的貢品分別送到燔柴爐(從正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚燒，皇帝也要一旁恭立目視，稱為望燎)和燎爐(圜丘壇共有12座燎爐，在瘞坎北側(cè)，從東向西排列著8個(gè);內(nèi)圍護(hù)墻東西欞星門外各有一對(duì)。從配位幄次車下的祭品分別送到8個(gè)燎爐內(nèi)焚燒，而四個(gè)從位幄次的祭品送到欞星門處)焚燒，煙霧騰空，象征著送到天庭。而后還要將牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘞坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛飲血之意。在這個(gè)典禮上，需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方，就是剛才所說的臺(tái)面中心天心石。他是天壇三大聲學(xué)現(xiàn)象之一。在這里朗讀的時(shí)候聲音特別洪亮，而且現(xiàn)在這里也是一樣的，各位游客不妨體會(huì)一下這奇特的效果，也像當(dāng)年的皇帝一樣，向上天訴說自己美好的愿望。