句子的種類介紹
(一)按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。
1) 陳述句(Declarative Sentences):說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲速度快。 (說明事實)
The film is rather boring. 這部電影很乏味。
(說明看法)
2) 疑問句(Interrogative Sentences):提出問題。有以下四種:
a. 一般疑問句(General Questions):
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按時完成工作嗎?
b. 特殊疑問句(W Questions; H Questions):
Where do you live? 你住那兒?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 選擇疑問句(Alternative Questions):
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶還是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑問句(Tag-Questions):
He doesn't know her, does he?
他不認識她,對不對?
3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出請求,建議或發出命令,例如:
Sit down, please. 請坐。
Don't be nervous! 別緊張!
4) 感嘆句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒,例如:
What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其結構可以分為以下三類:
1) 簡單句(Simple Sentences):只包含一個主謂結構句子叫簡單句,例如:
She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜歡集郵。
(主) (謂)
2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結構的句子叫并列句,句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來連接,例如:
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (謂) (主)(謂)
食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口。
3) 復合句(Complex Sentences):包含一個主句從句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復合句,從句由從屬連詞引導,例如:
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
主句 從句
我們到達電影院的時候,電影已經開演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英語中千變萬化的句子歸根結底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴展、變化而來的:
1)主 + 動(SV)例如:
I work. 我工作。
2)主 + 動 + 表(SVP)例如:
John is busy. 約翰忙。
3)主 + 動 + 賓(SVO)例如:
She studies English. 她學英語。
4)主 + 動 + 賓 + 補(SVOC)例如:
Time would prove me right. 時間會證明我是對的。
5)主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓(SVOiOd)例如:
My mother made me a new dress. 我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。
英語語法經典例題800例:非謂語動詞(例題1)
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1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態動詞 could 就斷定此處應填動詞原形 enter。
【分析】其實正確答案應是B。此句為省略句,即在 could 后省略了動詞 do,若把句子補完整應為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的,而不是與情態動詞(could)一起構成謂語。請再看類似例句:
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學習以便趕上他的同學。
值得指出的是,這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結構的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題:
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此題的答案是 C不是A,其中的現在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此題答案選 C,這與前面動詞 spent 的搭配有關,即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補充完整,即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此題答案選D,注意兩點:一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配,意為“把……貢獻給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞,不是不定式符號,后接動詞時要用動名詞。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B,根據 can’t help doing sth 這一結構推出。
【分析】其實答案應選A。比較以下結構:
can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題,答案也是 B:
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再請看以下試題:
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此題應選C,句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據句意用被動形式)。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現分析如下:
(1) devote 意為“致力于,獻身于”,主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to,其中的to 是介詞,不是不定式符號,故后接動詞時要用動名詞,不用不定式。
(2) 選A錯誤:若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3) 選B正確:all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨立主格結構,用作狀語。
(4) 選C錯誤:因為all her time 與 devote 為被動關系,故應將devoting改為devoted。
(5) 選D錯誤:若單獨看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments,此句并沒有錯,但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式,所以從整體上看仍不對,假若在后一句的句首加上and或so,則可選D,或將D將中的is 改為 being也可選它。
英語語法經典例題800例:虛擬語氣(例題)
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