高一英語公開課課件

【一】分詞作狀語的區別

　　（1）現在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區別。

　　現在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區別。

　　1）現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。

　　He went out ，shutting the door behind him.

　　他出去后將門隨手關上。

　　Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

　　由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。

　　2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。

　　Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

　　如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。

　　Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

　　在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設法克服。

　　Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.

　　Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better

　　2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。

　　Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)

　　Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細讀書時，發現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)

　　Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔細閱讀，你會學到一些新的東西。(條件)

　　作賓補時，如果動詞和賓語之間是主動關系，用現在分詞； 如果是被動關系或者表示狀態，用過去分詞

　　we left him crying outside the gate.

　　we found his hands tied behind his back.

　　we found the world outside changed. 狀態

　　用過去分詞還是現在分詞做定語的判斷關鍵：名詞與該動作的關系

【二】分詞作定語的區別

　　1. 現在分詞做定語：

　　從功能上看，現在分詞做定語表示 1）主動（及物）；2）進行（不及物）。

　　做定語：相當于一個定語從句 (主動)

　　Do you know the boy standing at the door?

　　à Do you know the boy who is standing at the door?

　　A developing country needs aids. àA country that/which is developing needs aids.

　　They lived in a house facing the south

　　àThey lived in a house that faced the south.

　　The man wearing a red tie is our head.

　　àThe man who wears a red tie(戴紅領帶) is our head.

　　The workers working in the factory are well-paid.

　　àThe workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.

　　在這家工廠工作的工人報酬很好

　　2．過去分詞做定語

　　從功能上看，過去分詞做定語表示1）被動（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。

　　做定語：相當于一個定語從句（被動），有時侯也表示完成的

　　The broken window was repaired this morning.

　　The window broken yesterday was….

　　àThe window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了

　　The sold hamburgers are not to my taste.

　　The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..這家連鎖店賣的漢堡不適合我的口味

　　The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to….

　　The arrived guests will be led in.（此過去分詞表示完成）

　　The guests arrived just now will….剛到的客人將會被帶進來

　　The guests who arrived just now will be….

　　The book that was written by Wang sells well.

　　àThe book written by Wang sells well.

　　The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai.

　　àThe tie worn by our head is made in SH

　　The shoes (that were) made in a small factory are of bad quality.小廠產的鞋子質量差

　　反之，一個定語從句可以轉化為分詞做定語的結構

　　The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from Japan.

　　The man introduced to you by me yesterday had just…昨天我給你介紹的那人剛從日本回來

　　He is a man who is loved by all. à He is a man loved by all. 他是個大家所熱愛的人

　　The leaves that have fallen are collected by the cleaners. àThe fallen leaves are collected…

　　That letter I received last week was from Li. à The letter received last week was from Li.

【三】狀語從句的省略

　　一般說來省略現象多出現在下列五種狀語從句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引導的時間狀語從句；由whether ,if , unless 等引導的條件狀語從句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引導的讓步狀語從句；由 as ,than 等引導的比較狀語從句；由as, as if , as though 等引導的方式狀語從句。上述狀語從句在省略時，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原則：

　　（1）當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時且從句中含有BE動詞的某種形式時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be ，這時從句中可出現如下結構：

　　① 連詞（as, as if , once）+ 名詞

　　如：Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .龐龍曾經是個工人，現在變成一位著名的歌手。

　　②連詞（ though, whether , when）+形容詞

　　如：Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年輕要努力學習，要不然你會后悔的。

　　③連詞(whether, as if ,while )+介詞短語

　　如：He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到處看似乎在找什么東西。

　　④連詞(when , while , though )+ 現在分詞

　　如：While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美國總統布什在與主席會談時，感謝中國在六方會談中起的重要作用。

　　⑤ 連詞(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 過去分詞

　　如：The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .這次展覽比被預料的有趣的多

　　⑥ 連詞(as if ,as though ) + 不定式

　　如：Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak .奧林匹克金牌獲得者跨欄運動員劉翔張開嘴好象要說什么。

　　（2）當從句的主語與主句的主語不一致，但從句主語是 it，從句中又含有系動詞be 的某種形式時 ，可以把it和系動詞be一起省略。。如：Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果沒有必要，你最好不要查字典。

　　各種狀語從句的省略現象列舉如下：

　　一、時間狀語從句中的省略

　　When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小時，就開始學習彈鋼琴。

　　While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大學時就開始認識他，一個奇怪但有能力的學生。

　　When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到達之后，來個電報。

　　Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前，請關閉所有的燈。

　　Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你請你不要進來。

　　Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么時候只要有可能就來幫忙。

　　You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你應盡快讓我們知道結果。

　　注：as在引導時間狀語從句時，沒有這種省略現象。我們不可說As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.

　　二、地點狀語從句中的省略

　　地點狀語從句的省略常用下列結構：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,

　　Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把這些書放在你可能容易找到的地方。

　　Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠詞。

　　三、條件狀語從句中的省略

　　常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：

　　Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 貨物如果準備好了，請送過來。

　　He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他來，他就來。

　　If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能，朝我家里打電話。

　　Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧.。

　　If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，這會給我們帶來很多麻煩。

　　There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能記起他。

　　You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你應呆在你現在的地方不動，除非叫你動。

　　四、讓步狀語從句中的省略

　　He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是個好人，盡管有時有點無聊。

　　Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想聽如此壞的'報告。

　　五、比較狀語從句中的省略

　　She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她鋼琴彈的我你彈的一樣好。

　　She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.