現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)課件
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)課件
教學(xué)過(guò)程
一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)
1.引入:I have read this book twice. Read 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中have/has的作用:通過(guò)do/dose/be等聯(lián)想法推導(dǎo)出have/has的語(yǔ)法 功能。
二、知識(shí)講解
本節(jié)課主要知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析,中高考考點(diǎn)、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
基本結(jié)構(gòu):助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done)
否定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他.
簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ): Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語(yǔ) + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 用法
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義是:郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)
My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)
(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(用行為動(dòng)詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動(dòng)詞表示),常與for(+時(shí)間段)或since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用.
①for+時(shí)段
②since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(譯為:自從以來(lái))
③since+時(shí)段+ago
④since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))
⑤It is+時(shí)段+since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí)) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去式的區(qū)別:
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,那么這兩種時(shí)態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢? ①一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如yesterday, last year, just now等連用;強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。
②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與自已的特征詞already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never,before等連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或過(guò)去開(kāi)始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。
例: He saw the film last night. (過(guò)去時(shí),表示他昨晚看過(guò)那部電影了,現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示他已看過(guò)那部電影,現(xiàn)在不想再看了)
③現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的。如:live, work,study等。而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞是否延續(xù)無(wú)任何要求。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
除了我們講過(guò)的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短語(yǔ)和 for短語(yǔ)外,還有許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),我們要留心將它們和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái):
1. lately, recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);just now 有a moment ago 之意,是過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:
Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?
2. in the past few years 意思是“過(guò)去幾年來(lái)”,常用于完成時(shí)中;in the past意思是“在過(guò)去”,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)中。 如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
Where did you work in the past?
3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意,但前者常用于完成時(shí),而后兩者常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.
4. before 通常用于完成時(shí);...ago通常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.
5. so far“到目前為止”, these days“這些天來(lái)”也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如: So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.
What have you done these days?
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3:
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性用法
持續(xù)性用法(肯定句,疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞):表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。此時(shí)常與“for +一段時(shí)間或“since+過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))以及so far(到目前為止)等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
for + 段時(shí)間 / since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間
例:
1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來(lái)我就住在這里。
= I've lived here since 21 years ago.
= I've lived here for 21 years.
= It is 21 years since I began to live here.
注意:①在這類句子的肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞由于動(dòng)作不能持續(xù),故不能與for(達(dá)到;累計(jì))或since(自從。。。到現(xiàn)在)引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 ②對(duì)for和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)要用How long
1) 他入團(tuán)兩年了。
誤:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
區(qū)別:have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。
2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用。 如:
I've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎?
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
3. have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過(guò)某地幾次。如:
I've been to Beijing three times. 我去過(guò)北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。
4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 總之,說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。如: ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書(shū)店去了。
三、例題精析
【試題】3~5道
【例題1】
【【題干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
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