必修一
Unit 1 Friendship
單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽(旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn))
詞匯
部分 詞語(yǔ)
辨析 1. ignore / neglect / overlook
2. cheat / fool
3. calm / quiet / silent / still
4. join / join in / take part in / attend
詞形
變化 1. ignore vt. 忽視 ignorance n. 無(wú)知 ignorant adj.無(wú)知的
2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚 dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
3. add v. 添加; 增加 addition n. 加, 附加 additional adj. 添加的;附加的
重點(diǎn)
單詞 1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的,不安的;不適的 vt. (upset, upset)
2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂(yōu); 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心,關(guān)注;(利害)關(guān)系
3. settle vt. 安家; 定居;停留vt. 使定居,安家;解決
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受;忍受;經(jīng)歷
5. disagree vt. 不同意
重點(diǎn)
詞組 1. add up合計(jì)
2. go through 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受
3. on purpose 故意
4. get along with 與某人相處;(工作的) 進(jìn)展
5. in order to 為了……
重點(diǎn)句子 1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do …
3. … it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) (見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法部分)
語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)(模塊)
Ⅰ.詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. ignore / neglect / overlook
【解釋】
ignore 通常指有意不顧,或不理會(huì)顯而易見(jiàn)的事物。
neglect 側(cè)重指有意的忽略或忽視,也可指粗心與疏忽。
overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或視而不見(jiàn)。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
○1We could not afford to _________ such a serious offence.
2). He utterly ________ my warnings and met with an accident.
3). Don’t ________ paying him a visit now and then.
答案: 1). overlooked 2). ignored 3). neglect
2. cheat / fool
【解釋】
cheat 主要指盈利的買(mǎi)賣(mài)中或游戲競(jìng)賽中欺騙人,騙取人的錢(qián)等。
fool “愚弄”,指利用人缺乏常識(shí),心理脆弱來(lái)欺騙人。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.
答案: 1). cheated 2). fool
3. calm / quiet / silent / still
【解釋】
calm 天氣、水、水面(表風(fēng)平浪靜);(指人時(shí))表示鎮(zhèn)定自如。
quiet 表“寧?kù)o”、“安靜”、“寂靜”,側(cè)重沒(méi)有響聲,沒(méi)有噪音和沒(méi)有動(dòng)靜。指人時(shí)側(cè)重性格溫和,文靜。
silent 表“沉默”、“不發(fā)言”、“不說(shuō)話”,常常表示人不愛(ài)說(shuō)話,沉默無(wú)語(yǔ)。
still “不動(dòng)的”,指人時(shí)側(cè)重一動(dòng)不動(dòng),;指物時(shí)指完全沒(méi)有聲音,突出靜止不動(dòng)。
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Please stand __________ while I take your photo.
2). Why do you keep __________?
3). Everything was ___________.
4). He remained ___________ in the face of the enemy.
答案: 1). still 2). silent 3). quiet 4). calm
4. join / join in / take part in / attend
【解釋】
join 表示參加組織、黨派、團(tuán)體、軍隊(duì)、俱樂(lè)部等
join in 表示參加游戲、活動(dòng)等;join sb. (in sth.) 表(和某人一起)做某事
take part in表示參與、參加討論、游行、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭(zhēng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、慶祝等
attend 主要指出席、參加會(huì)議、婚禮;聽(tīng)講座、課、報(bào)告、音樂(lè)會(huì)等;上學(xué)、教堂
【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Can I ___________ the game?
2). Did you ____________ the fighting?
3). He __________ the army last year.
4). A lot of people __________ her wedding.
答案: 1). join in 2). take part in 3). joined 4)attended
Ⅱ.詞性變化 (旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料)
1. ignore vt. 忽視 ignorance n. 無(wú)知 ignorant adj.無(wú)知的
2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚 dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
3. add v. 添加; 增加 addition n. 加, 附加 additional adj. 添加的;附加的
【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1) I can't __________ his rudeness any longer. (ignore)
2) To say you were ________ of the rules is no excuse. ( ignore)
3) We are in complete ___________ of your plans. (ignore)
4) There is ____________ light inside the cave. (dusk)
5) The street lights come on at ____________ and go off at dawn. (dusk )
6) Many words have been ____________ to this edition of the dictionary. (add)
7) They've just had an ____________ to the family. (add)
8) There are _____________ charges. (add)
答案: 1) ignore 2)ignorant 3) ignorance 4) dusky
5) dusk 6) added 7) addition 8) additional
Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)詞匯 (旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料)
1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的,不安的;不適的 vt. (upset, upset)
[典例]
1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一來(lái)把我們周末的安排給打亂了。
2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要難過(guò)--并沒(méi)有造成傷害。
3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他為她的病而憂(yōu)心忡忡。
4). The students really upset her. 學(xué)生們著實(shí)讓她煩惱。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
be upset by… 被…… 打亂
upset oneself about sth 為某事煩惱
[練習(xí)] 用upset的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Is it ______ you, dear?
2). She felt rather ______ on hearing the news.
3). Is it an ______ message?
4). Don’t be ______. It will be OK.
答案: 1). upsetting 2). upset 3). upsetting 4).upset
2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂(yōu); 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心,關(guān)注;(利害)關(guān)系
[典例]
1). The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。
2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂(yōu)慮。
3). That's no concern of mine. 那不關(guān)我的事。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
as / so far as … be concerned 關(guān)于;至于;就……而言
be concerned about 關(guān)心
be concerned at / over sth. 為某事憂(yōu)慮
be concerned in sth. 牽涉到,與……有關(guān),參與
[練習(xí)] 用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices.
2). The children are rather _____ about their mother’s health.
3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs.
答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with
3. settle vt. 安家;定居;停留
vt. 使定居,安家;解決
[典例]
1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安頓在車(chē)廂的一個(gè)角落里。
2). The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。
3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 雙方都愿意捐棄前嫌。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái) settle in 在…定居
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 都十一點(diǎn)了,她安不下心來(lái)工作。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2). 題目這么難,誰(shuí)能解決?
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). It’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work.
2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受;忍受;經(jīng)歷
[典例]
1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常頭痛嗎?
2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不適﹑ 悲傷等; 受苦; 吃苦頭:
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1).我們?cè)诮鹑谖C(jī)中損失慘重。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2).他的腳痛得不得了。
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
2). He suffers terribly with his feet.
5. disagree vt. 不同意
[典例]
1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有時(shí)意見(jiàn)不一。
2). We disagreed on future plans. 我們對(duì)未來(lái)的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生了分歧。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的觀點(diǎn)[某人的話/某人的決定]
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 羅馬的報(bào)道與米蘭的不符。
______________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他不同意讓我早些回家。
______________________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan.
2). He disagreed to let me go home early.
Ⅳ.重點(diǎn)詞組 (旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料)
1. add up 加起來(lái)
[典例]
1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.
把你的得分加起來(lái),看看你能得幾分。
2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?
湯姆,10,20和5加起來(lái)是多少?
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
add (…) to …. (把什么)加入…中
add up to … 加起來(lái)是
[練習(xí)] 用add的適當(dāng)形式或構(gòu)成的詞組填空
1). Will you _____ some more students to this project?
2). Small numbers _____ a large one.
3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100.
答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added
2. go through 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受
[典例]
1). The country has gone through too many wars. 這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時(shí)期。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
go after追求,追趕 go ahead前進(jìn);請(qǐng)說(shuō)(做)吧
go by走過(guò),(時(shí)間)過(guò)去 go along with向前,(與……)一起去
go in for愛(ài)好,從事 go out外出;(燈,火)熄滅
go over越過(guò);復(fù)習(xí) go up爬上,(價(jià)格等)上升
[練習(xí)] 用go 構(gòu)成的詞組填空
1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan.
2). Prices ______ a little now. People are happy.
3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself.
4). I am tired. I want to _____ now.
答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed
3.on purpose 故意,有目的地
[典例]
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的,他想嚇一下杰克。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事 on purpose 表示故意地、有企圖、有目的地
[練習(xí)]用 purpose的相關(guān)詞匯填空
1). He didn’t do it ______.
2). What was your ____ ?
答案: 1). on purpose 2). purpose
4. get along with 與某人相處;(工作的) 進(jìn)展
[典例]
1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是個(gè)隨和的人,很難相處。
2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作進(jìn)展如何?
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 與……相處得好/不好,……進(jìn)展順利/不順利
get away離開(kāi),逃離 get down下來(lái);寫(xiě)下,取下
get down to (doing)開(kāi)始認(rèn)真干…… get over克服,擺脫
get through通過(guò),做完 get together聚集
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 你現(xiàn)在和同事相處得好不好?
______________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她已重新獲得從前那份工作。
______________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues?
2). She's got her old job back.
6. in order to… 為了……(可置于句首或句中)
[典例]
1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 圖的是得個(gè)好座位。
2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建議是為了不讓她傷心。
[短語(yǔ)歸納]
in order that… 以便……(后跟句子) so that…以便……(后跟句子)
so as to為了……(只能置于句中,不能置于句首)
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1. 他早早動(dòng)身好按時(shí)到達(dá)。
2. 她拼命干以便能到6點(diǎn)時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。
答案: 1.He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time.
2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard.
Ⅴ.重點(diǎn)句子 (旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料)
1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.
媽媽問(wèn)她穿那么多衣服是不是很熱。
[解釋] with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):
with + 賓語(yǔ)+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases
由“介詞with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語(yǔ),表示背景情況,為方式,原因或條件等,另外,該結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作為定語(yǔ)使用。下面簡(jiǎn)述幾種情況:
1) 如果在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由前面的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的,構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,該分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
2) 如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,該分詞用過(guò)去分詞形式。
3) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)也可以使用介詞短語(yǔ),形容詞或副詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。
[典例]
1.with + 賓語(yǔ) + 副詞,如:
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on).
With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty.
2.with + 賓語(yǔ) + 介詞短語(yǔ),如:
The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand).
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes).
3.with + 賓語(yǔ) + 現(xiàn)在分詞,如:
With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside),she felt a bit uneasy.
4.with + 賓語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞,如:
With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.
With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.
5.with + 賓語(yǔ) + 不定式,如:
With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey.
With Mr Smith to teach them English next term(= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
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